鲜冻与酸处理对坛紫菜和浒苔苗存活的影响  

Effects of refrigeration and acid treatment on the survival of the blades in Porphyra haitanensis and Enteromorpha prolifera

作　　者：严兴洪[1] 钟晨辉[1] 亓庆宝 王长青[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]江苏省如东县水产技术推广站,江苏如东226400

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2011年第5期697-704,共8页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31072208);国家高技术研究发展计划(2006AA10A413);农业部公益性专项(200903030-C);上海市优秀学科带头人项目(07XD14028);上海市科学技术委员会重点科技攻关项目(10391901100);上海市教育委员会重点学科建设项目(J50701)

摘　　要：采用直接鲜冻和酸处理的方法分别对不同大小的坛紫菜和浒苔藻体进行了处理,旨在建立一种可以有效杀死浒苔而保留坛紫菜的简便方法。实验结果表明:体长为1～2 cm的坛紫菜和浒苔幼苗不经干燥直接鲜冻5 d,坛紫菜苗的细胞成活率达到90%左右,而浒苔只有50%,恢复培养30 d,坛紫菜苗生长良好,只有梢部的少量细胞死亡,而浒苔苗则大部分变黄死亡。用pH为2.0的柠檬酸溶液处理体长为5 cm左右的中苗3 min,坛紫菜的细胞成活率仍高达90.9%,但浒苔的细胞成活率只有58.5%,恢复培养30 d,浒苔的生长受到明显抑制,坛紫菜的生长则基本未受影响;用pH为2.3的盐酸溶液处理长度为5 cm的坛紫菜苗,效果更好,处理1 min的坛紫菜细胞存活率高达97%,而浒苔的细胞成活率则低于20%,恢复培养一段时间,浒苔苗全部死亡,而坛紫菜经盐酸溶液处理1 min、3 min和5 min后的叶状体,仍然正常生长,长度明显增加。依据上述研究结果,如果在海上栽培的坛紫菜网帘上出现大量浒苔附生,在紫菜幼苗期(体长1～2 cm)采用直接鲜冻,中苗期(体长5 cm左右)采用盐酸溶液处理,基本可以达到清除浒苔,确保坛紫菜正常生长的目的。研究亮点:本文发现直接鲜冻坛紫菜和浒苔的幼苗(体长1～2 cm),以及盐酸溶液处理它们的中苗(体长5 cm左右),均可杀死浒苔而保持紫菜苗成活。用此法可以清除浒苔同时又维持坛紫菜正常生长,具有较大的应用价值。In order to establish an economical and simple method to kill Enteromorpha prolifera which competitively grow together with Porphyra haitanensis in the Porphyra cultivation net,the blades of P.haitanensis and E.prolifera in different sizes were treated with direct refrigeration and acid.The results showed that there were significant differences in cell survival rates of the young blades（1-2 cm） between P.haitanensis and E.prolifera which were directly refrigerated for 5 days.The cell survival rate of the former was 90% and the latter was 50%.The blades of P.haitanensis grew well except that some dead cells appeared in the blade head after recover culture for 30 days,but the blades of E.prolifera became yellow and died gradually.When the blades grew up to 5 cm,they were treated with citric acid（pH=2.0） for 3 min the cell survival rate of P.haitanensis was about 90.9%,whereas it was only 58.5% for E.prolifera.The growth inhibition appeared in the blades of E.prolifera but not in P.haitanensis.It was better to treat them with hydrochloric acid solution（pH=2.3）.After treatment for 1 min,the cell survival rate of E.prolifera was less than 20%;however,it was still up to 97% for P.haitanensis.Refrigerating the small blades（1-2 cm length） and treating the bigger blades（5 cm length） with acids would be a good method to get rid of E.prolifera.

关 键 词：坛紫菜 浒苔 冷冻 酸处理 叶状体 存活率中 

分 类 号：S968.43[农业科学—水产养殖]