EMA——一种生态主义取向的研究模式  

EMA—An Ecologism-orientated Research Model

作　　者：邵华[1,2] 吕晓峰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学,哈尔滨150080 [2]吉林大学,长春130012

出　　处：《心理科学》2011年第5期1236-1241,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅人文社科项目(12512262);吉林大学研究生创新基金项目(20111007)的资助

摘　　要：生态瞬时评估(EMA)不是一个单一的研究方法,而是一种研究模式,它强调现实世界中实时数据的采集和反复的评估,并能阐释变量间自然存在和变化的相互关系,具有很高的生态学效度。EMA的使用会加强我们对个体与环境之间的动态交互作用的理解。EMA的基本设计思路包括基于事件的设计、基于时间的设计和联合设计。在EMA的使用中还有一些问题如软硬件的发展、伦理、数据等问题等需要研究者注意。目前EMA应用最广泛的领域是临床心理学和行为研究方面。Although Ecological Momentary Assessment（ EMA ）was created in 1994, the research about EMA had been active for decades abroad. EMA is not a single research method, but a paradigm. It emphasizes the research, evaluation, and observation of individuals＇ mind and behavior in real life. EMA breaks through the limitations of retrospective recall. It emphasizes the real-time data collection and repeated assessment of the real world, and illustrates the relationship between the natural existence and change in variables, thus maximizing ecological validity. Phenomena are captured at the moment they occur or very shortly thereafter. This helps greatly reduce or eliminate retrospective recall biases. The introduction about EMA is still scattered in China, so a systematic introduction is essential to enriching the research methods of psychology, promoting the ecological orientation research of psychology, and understanding profoundly people＇s mind in daily life. No one is diagnosed or treated because of how they behave in a laboratory or consulting room. Yet, behavior is seldom studied, assessed, or observed as it unfolds in the real world. The use of EMA can enhance our understanding of the active interaction between individuals and environment. The basic design idea of EMA includes Event-Based I：~igns, Time-Based Designs and Combination Designs, and the specific methods including paper-and-pencil assessments, Investigator- administered, In-person assessments, Mobile technology-administered assessments, Biologicai and physiological monitoring, and automated assessments. How to decide on the design and scheduling of assessments need to be driven by the research questions and by knowledge about the natural history of the target behavior. In the use of EMA, researchers also need to pay attention to some problems, such as failure to gurantee absolute objectiveness and impartiality, the cooperation of participants, different techniques in different participants, the development of software and hardware, ethical proble

关 键 词：生态 瞬时 现实数据 研究设计 

分 类 号：B841[哲学宗教—基础心理学]