黄河源区1975—2005年沙漠化时空演变及其成因分析  

Spatial and Temporal Changes of Desertification Land and Its Influence Factors in Source Region of the Yellow River from 1975 to 2005

作　　者：胡光印[1] 董治宝[1] 逯军峰[1] 颜长珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《中国沙漠》2011年第5期1079-1086,共8页Journal of Desert Research

基　　金：中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所青年人才基金项目(51Y184A61)资助

摘　　要：结合遥感(RS)与地理信息系统(GIS)技术,对黄河源区1975年和2005年沙漠化状况进行了监测。研究发现,黄河源区有大面积的沙漠化土地分布,且比较集中,主要集中在源区西部、北部和东部。30 a间,沙漠化土地面积明显增加,沙漠化土地面积从1975年的19 297.34 km2增加到2005年的22 042.32 km2,增加了2 744.97 km2,即从占整个源区面积的14.68%增加到16.77%。各类沙漠化土地面积均呈增加趋势,极重度、重度、中度、轻度和潜在沙漠化土地面积分别增加了233.27 km2、987.93 km2、336.28 km2、544.8 km2和642.7 km2。在2005年,黄河源区有3 075.57 km2的沙漠化土地是由1975年的非沙漠化土地转化而来的,占沙漠化发展面积的57.28%,另外42.72%的沙漠化发展土地是由1975年较低沙漠化程度向较高程度发展所致。气候变化和不合理的人类活动共同作用导致了黄河源区沙漠化的快速发展,其中,气温升高是自然因素中的主要因素,过度放牧是人为因素中的主要因素。The distribution of desertification land in source region of the Yellow River in 1975 and 2005 was acquired by remote sensing data and GIS technology.There was large area of desertification land in source region of the Yellow River and it was mainly distributed in west,north and south sub-areas of the source region.The increase of desertification land was obvious during 1975-2005.The desertification land increased from 19 297.34 km2 in 1975 to 22 042.32 km2 in 2005,and the percentage of desertification land to total area of the source region increased from 14.68% to 16.77%.The very severe desertification land,severe desertification land,moderate desertification land,light desertification land and potential desertification land increased by 233.27 km2,987.93 km2,336.28 km2,544.8 km2 and 642.7 km2,respectively.There was 3 075.57 km2 desertification land in 2005 came from the non-desertified land in 1975,which accounted for 57.28% of desertification land in 2005,and the other 42.72% came from the development of lower degrees of desertification land to higher ones.Climate change and unreasonable human activities jointly caused the increase of desertification land,and the increase of temperature was main natural factor and over grazing was main anthropogenic factor for the development of desertification.

关 键 词：沙漠化 遥感监测 黄河源区 青藏高原 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]