渭北富士苹果偏斜果的影响因素  

Study on the fruit shape of Fuji apple in Weibei area

作　　者：薛志霞[1] 赵政阳[1] 张雯[1] 徐吉花[1] 王艳丽[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2011年第4期60-63,68,共5页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(nycytx-08-01-03);陕西省"13115"重大专项(2010ZDKG-69)

摘　　要：为了明确引起渭北富士苹果果形偏斜的原因,于2009~2010年在西北农林科技大学白水苹果试验站,以16~17年生的乔化富士苹果为主要试材,从授粉受精和果实类型两方面对其果形进行研究。结果表明：除粉红女士授粉外,秦冠、嘎拉、新红星3个品种授粉都均降低富士苹果的果形偏斜指数,改善果形;柱头数对富士果实形状有明显影响,人为去除3~4个柱头会明显减少果实种子数,导致果实发育畸形。种子数和种子在心室中的分布决定了果实的形状,端正果每个心室几乎均有种子分布,偏斜果至少有1个心室种子败育,畸形果至少有2个心室中的种子败育。比较长、中、短果枝果形,长果枝果实的果形指数明显大于中、短果枝,而果形偏斜指数小于中、短果枝,但差异不显著。下垂果多为果形高桩的端正果,畸形果少,果形偏斜指数明显小于侧生果。With the purpose of resolving the lopsided fruits of Fuji apple,the experiment was conducted on 16~17 year old Fuji apple trees（Malus domestica Borkh,cv Fuji）,and mainly studied the effects of the pollination and fertilization,the type of fruits on the fruit shape of Fuji apple at the Baishui Apple Station of Northwest A F University in 2009~2010.The results showed that in addition to Pink Lady,the Qinguan,Gala and Starkrimson pollination could reduce the unsymmetrical index and improve the fruit shape.the number of stigmas had significant effect on the fruit shape of Fuji apple,removed 3~4 stigmas could obviously reduce the seeds and lead to develop into the deformed fruit.The seed numbers and the seed distribution in the ventvicles of determined the fruit shape,almost every ventricle had seed distribution in the symmetrical fruit,but at least one ventricle of seed was abortion in the unsymmetrical fruit and two ventricles of the seed were abortion in the deformed fruit.In three fruit branches,the fruit shape index of the long fruit branch was significantly greater than the medium fruit branch and the short fruit branch,the fruit unsymmetrical index was smaller than the other fruit branches,but the difference was not significant.In the different fruit ways,the drooping fruits were symmetrical and less deformed fruits,and the obvious difference in the fruit shape arcsine with the lateral fruit.

关 键 词：富士苹果 果形 偏斜指数 影响因素 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]