不同环境下有意注意恢复及反思的复愈性  

Restorative affections about directed attention recovery and reflection in different environments

作　　者：陈聪[1] 赖颖慧[2] 吴建平[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学人文社会科学学院心理系,北京100083 [2]北京师范大学发展心理研究所,北京100875

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2011年第9期681-685,共5页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项经费资助(200804003)

摘　　要：目的:基于注意恢复理论(ART)的假设,从有意注意恢复程度和给予反思机会两方面,考察自然环境、运动娱乐环境、日常城市环境以及城市夜景4种不同性质环境的复愈性效果。方法:实验1采用混合设计,随机选取48名高三年级被试,随机分配到4种环境组,每组12人,通过数字推理任务引发压力状态,以彩色数字辨认任务的正确反应时体现被试有意注意变化的情况;实验2随机选取30名被试,让其对4种环境适宜反思的程度进行五点量表评定。结果:有意注意的恢复效果从高到低依次是城市夜景[(534.8±7.3)ms]、自然环境[(557.2±7.7)ms]、运动娱乐环境[(605.1±9.4)ms]和城市环境[(749.8±10.2)ms],前三种环境的复愈效果显著高于城市环境;在给予个体进行反思的机会上,自然环境和城市夜景优于运动娱乐及城市环境。结论:自然环境既促进注意资源的平衡和恢复,又提供给个体对重要经验和问题的反思机会。提示应努力开发和利用自然环境的复愈性功能,促进人们的心身健康。Objective： To investigate the perceived restorative effectiveness of four kinds of settings in two goal-set conditions based on attention restoration theory （ART）. Methods： In experiment one, 48 subjects were chosen and divided into four kinds of environment groups. Their stressful feelings were induced by numerical rea- soning tasks and the changes of directed attention were reflected by correct reaction time （RT） in colored number recognition tasks. In experiment two, 30 subjects were selected and evaluated the suitable degrees of reflection in four environments with five-point evaluating scales. Results： The correct RT were （534. 8± 7. 3） ms for picture of urban nightscape, （557. 2 ±7. 7） ms for picture of nature environment, （605.1 ±9. 4） ms for picture of sports envi- ronment, and （749. 8 ± 10. 2） ms for picture of city environment. The correct RT for picture of city environment was longer than that for other pictures （Ps 〈0. 05）. The scores of reflection were higher under the nature and urban nightscape environment than that under sports and city environment. Conclusion： The nature environment both fa- cilitates the balance and recovery of attentional resources, as well as provides more opportunities of reflection. The restorative effectiveness of nature should be explored and utilized to promote the development of mental and physi-cal health of people.

关 键 词：复愈性环境 注意恢复理论 有意注意 反思 

分 类 号：B842.1[哲学宗教—基础心理学]