周口店第一地点第4-5层脉石英原料产地分析  

VEIN QUARTZ PROCUREMENT AT LAYER 4～5 OF THE ZHOUKOUDIAN LOCALITY 1

作　　者：李锋[1,2] 王春雪[3] 刘德成[1] 张晓凌[1] 张双权[1] 高星[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院占脊椎动物与古人类研究所人类演化实验室,北京100044 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]吉林大学边疆考古研究中心,长春130012

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2011年第5期900-908,共9页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程方向项目(批准号:KZCX2-YW-Q1-04和KZCX2-EW-QN110);国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:J0930007);科技部基础性工作专项项目(批准号:2007FY110200)资助

摘　　要：文章从考古学角度对遗址周围潜在原料产地进行调查,并以遗址出土文化遗物最为丰富的第4～5层为例对其原料采集策略进行初步分析。调查显示,遗址以北、周口河两岸的石炭-二叠系地层和花岗岩侵入体中多有石英脉出露,而遗址以南多为灰岩、白云岩山地,少见石英脉出露。遗址第4～5层石制品的原料分析显示,距今30万年左右的"北京人"既从河流砾石层也从岩脉露头或风化处采集脉石英进行石器生产;古人类可能对不同类型脉石英采取多种开发策略;对石英脉的利用具有一定的技术组织性,表现出一副多样的原料开发图景。The Zhoukoudian site is of scientific significance not only because of the discovery of Peking Man fossils, but also because of the collection of rich lithic materials. However,lithic analyses at the site in the past were mostly focused on typology and technology and rarely on raw material procurement and exploitation. Here this paper will report the results of the new investigation of potential raw material sources of vein quartz in the surrounding area of Zhoukoudian in 2009 and 2010 and a preliminary study on raw material procurement at layer 4 ~ 5 of Zhoukoudain Locality 1. Yang Zigeng et al. E371 previously made a survey of gravel strata in the river valley in front of the Zhoukoudian site and found few locations containing vein quartz pebbles, but no systematic investigation had been carried out at the outcrops of vein quartz on the hills since then. In our survey, some outcrops of quartz in the Permo-Carboniferous system to the north of the Zhoukoudian site along the Zhoukou River were successfully located. Few outcrops of quartz were identified to the south of the site, where limestone and dolomite from the Cambrian and Ordovician periods predominate. Stratified sampling was conducted by stone artifact classification and a sample of stone artifacts （n = 403 ） including cores （ n = 12 ）, flakes （ n = 186 ）, chunks （ n = 126 ） and tools （ n = 79 ） was collected. Cortex and dimension are slected as parameters for some comparisons between artifacts from the site and potential raw material sources. The replication of stone artifacts reveals the proportion of cortex is 55.4% by hard-hammerred percussion and is 62% by bipolar technique. However, the proportion of cortex in the sample is just 13.9%, much lower than the proportion in our experiments. Moreover, the dimensions of vein quartz cobbles from the river bed are smaller than the dimensions of stone artifacts from layer 4 - 5. These results demonstrate that ＂Peking Man＂ produced stone tools with vein quartz collected not only from

关 键 词：周口店第一地点 4~5层 脉石英 原料开发方略 技术组织性 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K854.1[历史地理—历史学]