跨流域调水生态补偿机制探讨  

Ecological Compensation Mechanism on Inter-Basin Water Transfer

作　　者：李浩[1] 黄薇[1] 刘陶 彭智敏 

机构地区：[1]长江科学院水资源综合利用研究所,武汉430010 [2]湖北省社科院长江流域经济研究所,武汉430071

出　　处：《自然资源学报》2011年第9期1506-1512,共7页Journal of Natural Resources

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项"赤水河流域生态补偿技术研究"(200901012);国家软科学研究计划项目"长江流域控制性水库联合生态调度的管理体制和运行机制研究"(2008GXS5B085)

摘　　要：跨流域调水工程已经成为解决我国缺水地区水问题的重要手段之一,而由跨流域调水引发的生态补偿问题是制约调水工程社会、经济效益发挥的关键因素。目前跨流域调水生态补偿机制设计主要是沿用流域内生态补偿的一般理论与方法,导致跨流域调水生态补偿主体缺失、补偿对象不全面、补偿标准不合理、补偿方式单一,极大地限制了跨流域生态补偿实践的开展。通过比较分析流域内生态调水与跨流域调水在受工程影响、水权转移形式、涉及的利益主体关系、生态补偿主导部门、生态补偿核算标准等方面的特征,提出了以区域水权为理论基础,以生态补偿客体、补偿标准、补偿形式以及补偿保障体系为主要内容的跨流域调水生态补偿机制框架。The inter-basin water transfer is one of the most important methods of solving water problem in water shortage regions of our country.Nevertheless,the ecological compensation,which derived from the inter-basin water transfer,is the key factor that could restrict the economic and social benefit of the water transfer project.Nowadays,when we design the mechanism of ecological compensation in inter-basin water transfer,the main adoption of general theories and methods applied in the field of inner basin leads to series problems,such as： the absence of compensation subject,incompleteness of compensation objects,irrational compensation standards,and simplicity of compensation methods.These problems greatly limit the practice of ecological compensation in inter-basin water transfer.In this paper,we have compared the different features of ecological compensation between inner-basin water conservation and inter-basin water transfer in the aspects of impacts of projects,the forms of water rights transfer,relationship of stakeholders,management departments and evaluation standards.Then,from the perspective of regional water rights,we put forward a mechanism framework of ecological compensation in inter-basin water transfer,which includes objects,standards,method and guarantee system of ecological compensation.

关 键 词：跨流域调水 生态补偿 区域水权 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TV68[水利工程—水利水电工程]