青海省三江源地区湿地生态系统健康评价  

Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Health in the Source Region of Yangtze,Yellow and Yalu Tsangpo Rivers of Qinghai Province

作　　者：贾慧聪[1] 曹春香[1] 马广仁[2] 鲍达明[2] 武晓波[1] 徐敏[1,3] 赵坚[1,3] 田蓉[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]遥感科学国家重点实验室,中国科学院遥感应用研究所,北京100101 [2]国家林业局湿地保护管理中心,北京100714 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《湿地科学》2011年第3期209-217,共9页Wetland Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2007CB714404);国家科技重大专项课题(2008ZX10004-012);国家林业局支持项目“湿地生态系统评价体系研究”资助

摘　　要：湿地生态系统健康评价是湿地保护的基础,对提高湿地生态环境管理水平具有重要的指导作用。以青海省三江源地区为研究区,采用Landsat ETM+遥感影像为主要数据源,提取湿地信息。基于压力—状态—响应(PSR)模型,构建三江源地区湿地健康的综合评价指标体系;运用层次分析法和地理信息系统空间分析技术,对三江源地区的湿地健康状况进行评价。研究结果表明,三江源地区湿地生态系统健康等级的整体分布呈现由东南向西北降低的趋势,这主要是由压力—状态—响应三者综合作用的结果。三江源地区大部分湿地是健康湿地;很健康的湿地位于东部和中部,其面积为3602km2,占湿地总面积的14.92%;健康的湿地多位于中西部,其面积为9043km2,占湿地总面积的37.47%;亚健康的湿地多位于中东部,其面积为5930km2,占湿地总面积的24.57%;不健康和病态的湿地主要分布在西北部的治多县、曲麻莱县和唐古拉乡境内,其面积分别为4817km2和744km2,分别占湿地总面积的19.96%和3.08%。三江源地区的西北部受人类活动影响较大,湿地生态系统较脆弱,应加强对该区域湿地的生态环境保护和科学管理。Assessment of wetland ecosystem health is the basis for wetland conservation, has an important role in guiding how to improve the management level of wetland ecological environment. As the world＇ s unique large-area alpine wetland, the source region of Yangtze, Yellow and Yalu Tsangpo Rivers of Qinghai province is the ecological barriers of ecological environmental security and regional sustainable development for the middle and lower reaches of rivers in China and Southeast Asian countries. In this paper, taking the source region of Yangtze, Yellow and Yalu Tsangpo Rivers of Qinghai province as the study area, Landsat ETM＋ remote sensing image data, meteorological data, DEM data, population data, GDP data, transportation, rivers, soil erosion and NPP data were the main data sources to extract the wetland distribution information. Based on pressure-state-response （PSR） conceptual model, integrated assessment index system of wetland health in the source region of Yangtze, Yellow and Yalu Tsangpo Rivers of Qinghai province was constructed. Taking 1 km× 1 km grid as the basic assessment unit, according to the needs of assessment model, combined with mathemati- cal statistics and mathematical modeling methods, the necessary indicators of the wetland ecosystem health as- sessment were got. Then, according to the regional characteristics of the source region of Yangtze, Yellow and Yalu Tsangpo Rivers, by the use of AHP and GIS spatial analysis techniques, the health status of wetland in the region was assessed and mapped. With the reference to previous practice and the characteristics of various types of wetlands in the study area, the wetland ecosystem health levels of the region were established. Set 5 ranges of health standards to describe the corresponding wetland health status, which are very healthy, healthy, sub-healthy, unhealthy and sick. The results showed that the health levels of the wetlands ecosystem in the region decreased from southeast to northwest, which was combined effected by the pressure-

关 键 词：三江源地区 湿地 健康评价 压力-状态-响应模型 遥感 地理信息系统 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]