禾本科植物内生真菌及其在农业上的应用潜力  

Grass endophytes and their potential applications in agriculture

作　　者：王志伟[1,2] 纪燕玲[1] 陈永敢[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学生命科学学院,江苏南京210095 [2]海南丰源无公害农业技术研究所,海南海口570207 [3]琼州学院生物科学与技术学院,海南三亚572022

出　　处：《南京农业大学学报》2011年第5期144-154,共11页Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30070019;30670008;30800156;30970081)

摘　　要：通常禾本科植物内生真菌专指"epichlo内生真菌",包括Epichlo属真菌和Neotyphodium属真菌。Epichlo属真菌偶尔会在植物茎秆上形成子座,而Neotyphodium属真菌在宿主植物体上一般不表现任何症状。这些真菌在培养基上对植物病原具有明显的拮抗作用,能增强植物的抗虫、抗旱、抗病、抗寒能力,促进肥料吸收,促进植物生长和分蘖、增产等,有时也会使宿主植物生产过量的生物碱,造成家畜中毒。因此,如何筛选和利用具有优秀农艺性状且没有合成生物碱能力的禾本科植物/内生真菌共生体是epichlo内生真菌资源利用的关键。本文还结合我国近年来多种小麦族植物内生真菌的新发现,讨论了将禾本科植物内生真菌在我国麦类作物中的应用潜力。In most cases,grass endophytes mean＂epichlo endophytes＂,including both Epichlo spp.and Neotyphodium spp..Epichlo endophytes develop stromata on the culms of host occasionally,while Neotyphodium endophytes are usually asymptomatic.Some of these endophytic fungi are antibiotic against many plant pathogens on culture plates,mediate resistances to fungal diseases,insect herbivories,draught and winter coldness,increase fertilizer absorptions,vegetative growth,tillerings and even seed yields on the part of their host plants.On the other hand,some of grass-endophyte combinations produce and accumulate toxic alkaloids,resulting in toxic syndromes on grazing animals.Therefore,screening of grass-endophyte combinations with improved phenotypes without accumulation of toxins should be most important in endophyte applications for agricultural purposes.Subsequently,recent advances in collections of epichlo endophytes harbored in Chinese native Triticeae grasses and their taxonomy are summarized.Finally,their potential applications in Chinese agriculture are also discussed.

关 键 词：禾本科植物 epichlo内生真菌 资源 抗性 农业性状 应用 

分 类 号：Q939.96[生物学—微生物学]