宁夏马铃薯需水量的时空特征分析  

Analysis of Temporal and Spatial Characteristics of the Water Requirements of Potato(Solanum tuberosum)in Ningxia

作　　者：李剑萍[1] 耿秀华[2] 韩颖娟[1] 孟丹[2] 王连喜[2] 袁海燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [2]南京信息工程大学气象灾害省部共建教育部重点实验室,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2011年第26期15888-15892,15914,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40765003);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划重大项目(2007BAC03A02)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨宁夏马铃薯（Solanum tuberosum）需水量的时空特征。[方法]采用联合国粮农组织（FAO）推荐的Penman-Monteith公式,计算宁夏1981~2007年21个站点参考作物蒸散量,进而得到西吉、同心等典型站点的马铃薯全生育期内的需水量,统计分析其时空变化特征和生育期需水量的变化规律。最后,分析了气候变化背景下宁夏马铃薯需水量变化状况。[结果]马铃薯需水量高值区对应宁夏的中部干旱地区;宁夏马铃薯需水量在近27年内呈现上升的趋势,并且南部山区上升趋势明显大于中部地区;从播种-分枝期,马铃薯日需水量逐渐增大,花序-盛花期这一作物生长旺盛阶段为需水高峰期,块茎成熟-收获期日需水量迅速下降。此外,分析表明,缺水幅度将进一步加大,未来马铃薯生长将要面临更加严峻的水分问题。[结论]该研究可以为宁夏的实际灌溉、水资源合理利用和农田水利工程规划等农业生产工作提供科学依据。[Objective] The research aimed to discuss the temporal and spatial characteristics of the water requirements of potato in Ningxia.[Method] Penman-Monteith formulae,recommended by the FAO of the United Nation,were adopted to calculate the reference crop evapotranspiration of 21 weather stations in Ningxia from 1981 to 2007 in order to getting the water requirements of potato throughout the whole growth period in typically stations as Xiji.Then the temporal and spatial changes and the change regulations of the potato water requirements throughout the whole growth period were statistically analyzed.Finally,the change of potato water requirements in Ningxia under the climate change background were analyzed.[Result] The results showed that the area with high water requirements values matched with the central arid regions of Ningxia.The water requirements of potato in Ningxia had the trend to ascend in the last 27 years and the upward tendency in the southern mountain area was significantly greater than the central region.The potato water requirements increased from the seeding-ramification period,peaked between blooming and flourishing flowering period as the crops thrives,and declined quickly after tuber mature-harvest period.In addition,the magnitude of water shortage for potato in Ningxia will be increased,and the potato growth will face with more seriously water problems in the future.[Conclusion] The study provides a scientific basis for agricultural production,such as actual irrigation amount,reasonable utilization of water resources and the fields and water resources engineering project planning in Ningxia.

关 键 词：马铃薯 参考作物蒸散量 需水量 时空特征 宁夏 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]