水环境中PFOA和PFOS的质量浓度分布及其生态毒性  

Occurrence of PFOA and PFOS in the Aquatic Environments and Their Ecological Toxicities in the Aquatic Environments

作　　者：曹金玲[1] 席北斗[1,2] 许其功[1,2] 王泽斌[3] 姜甜甜[4] 姜磊[1] 毛敬英[5] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院水环境系统工程研究室,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [3]黑龙江省环境保护科学研究院,哈尔滨150056 [4]武汉大学信息学部资源与环境科学学院环境科学与工程学系,武汉430079 [5]西南交通大学环境科学与工程学院,成都610031

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第10期2817-2826,共10页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2008CB418006);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2009ZX07106-001);环保社会公益项目(200909079)

摘　　要：全氟辛酸类物质(PFOA)以及全氟辛烷磺酸类物质(PFOS)是不易降解、具有持久性的污染物,环境中存在的这些痕量物质对水生生物和人体造成潜在威胁.根据目前国内外已有的研究结果,系统论述了水环境中PFOA和PFOS的来源、毒性及其在部分国家和地区的污水处理厂、湖泊、河流、海岸带以及自来水中的污染现状.根据德国对污水处理厂出水中PFOA+PFOS的限定浓度,评价部分国家和地区的污水处理厂出水中PFOA+PFOS的排放浓度.结果显示,仅新加坡污水处理厂中PFOA+PFOS的浓度超过限定浓度300μg/L.中日美等国家和地区的研究结果显示,河流及海岸带中PFOA和PFOS的浓度达到ng/L,在所搜集的10条河流及海岸带数据中,美国田纳西河中的浓度最高,达到100 ng/L以上.利用我国部分城市自来水中PFOA和PFOS的检出结果,根据风险商对其进行风险评价,结果显示,在所评价的19个城市中PFOA和PFOS的风险商均未达到危险水平.Based on current researches,described the sources,toxicities,analytical methods and occurrence of PFOA and PFOS in wastewater treatment plants,lakes,rivers,coastal areas and tap waters in different countries in the world.According to the limited concentrations of PFOA＋PFOS in effluents of wastewater treatment plants（WTPs） put forward by Germany,the concentrations of PFOA＋PFOS in WTP effluents in Singapore,Germany,Korea and England were assessed.The results showed that the concentrations of PFOA＋PFOS in WTP effluents in Singapore were higher than the liminted concentration of 300 μg/L.Researches done by China,Japan,USA,and other countries showed that the concentrations of POFA and PFOS in rivers and coastal areas reached to ng/L,and the concentrations in Tennessee River,USA were the highest,reached to 100 ng/L.The risk assessments of PFOA and PFOS in tap water in some cities in China were assessed according to the risk quotients（RQ）.The assessment results showed that tap waters from 19 cities in China were all below the risk level.

关 键 词：全氟辛酸类物质 全氟辛烷磺酸类物质 污水处理厂 河流 自来水 

分 类 号：X311.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]