黄土丘陵区生态建设效应与农户响应  

Effects of the ecological construction in the hlilly Loess Plateau

作　　者：吕昌河[1] 王茜[1,2] 马俊飞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2011年第10期28-31,共4页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新重要方向性项目(kzcx2-yw-421);自然科学基金项目(40671007)资助

摘　　要：黄土丘陵区是我国1999年实施的以退耕还林为中心的生态建设工程重点地区之一。文中以文献和农户调查数据为基础,对黄土丘陵区特别是陕北安塞县,生态建设对其植被恢复、粮食生产、农民收入的影响进行了梳理和总结,并分析了农户对生态建设的认知与响应。研究认为,生态建设显著促进了区域的植被恢复,增加了退耕农户的收入,得到了农户的积极响应和参与。由于退耕地多为劣质耕地,坡地退耕对区域粮食生产影响很小,但却促进了土地的集约经营、农业结构调整和农村劳动转移,改变了农户的收入结构。建议国家继续推进生态建设,扶持农户梯田和坝地建设,发展高附加值的农业产业,提高农民的收入,促进农民的口粮安全,保证生态建设取得的成果。The Hilly Loess Plateau in Northwestern China is a key region for the ecological construction program,financially supported by the government to promote the restoration of degraded land by converting slope farmland to forest or grassland.After the implementation in 1999,this program stimulated various changes in the physical environment,food grain production and rural income.In this paper we discussed effects of the program on the above aspects,and identified the awareness and responses of local farmers to the program in the Hilly Loess Plateau with special focuses on Ansai County,based on literature and household survey data.It was found that the ecological construction program markedly promoted the vegetation restoration and an increase of farmer income,and thus received a positive response and active participation of local farmers.Since the converted farmland was mostly steep slope land with low yield,the farmland conversion had no adverse effects on the food grain production,but it promoted an improvement of land inputs and management,adjustment of agricultural structure,and rural labor transfer,and thus the structural change of farmer income.It is suggested that the government should continue the support to the ecological building,to promote the development of high efficient farming systems such as greenhouse vegetation and fruit production to improve farmer income,and to help farmers building terraces to increase the subsistence level of food self-sufficiency.

关 键 词：生态建设 生态和经济效益 农户响应 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]