草鱼、鲢鱼和鲤鱼混养池塘中浮游生物和悬浮颗粒物组成变化的研究  

Effect of Silver Carp Culture on the Composition of Plankton and Suspended Particulate Matter in Polyculture Ponds

作　　者：杨建雷[1] 高勤峰[1] 董双林[1] 王芳[1] 田相利[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第10期23-29,共7页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB118706)资助

摘　　要：为评估鲢鱼的滤食作用对淡水鱼混养池塘中浮游生物和悬浮颗粒物组成的影响,2009年在山东省淡水养殖研究所采用围隔将淡水养殖池塘进行分隔,对不同放养比例的草鱼、鲢鱼和鲤鱼混养围隔内的浮游生物和悬浮颗粒物的组成进行研究。结果显示,草-鲢和草-鲢-鲤混养组中隐藻门的隐藻与硅藻门的小环藻、冠盘藻或针杆藻等交替演变,浮游植物的粒级趋于小型化,<5、5～20和>20μm的浮游植物分别占浮游植物生物量的69%、24%和7%;同时浮游动物也趋于小型化,个体较小的原生动物和轮虫生物量占有相对优势,导致浮游动物生物量降低;草-鲤混养组发生了蓝藻水华,色球藻和螺旋藻大量发生,<5、5～20和>20μm的各粒级对浮游植物生物量的贡献率分别在30%左右。实验中悬浮颗粒物(SPM)范围为18.89～116.27mg/L,平均值为52.49mg/L,颗粒有机物(POM)与SPM含量之比的平均值为50.08%,POM与SPM呈显著正相关(R2=0.188,P<0.01)。To assess the effect of filtration of silver carp in freshwater polyculture ponds, experiment a- bout polyculture of grass carp, silver carp and common carp was conducted in Freshwater Fishery Research Institute of Shandong Province in 2009 using the enclosure approach. The dynamics of plankton community structure, phytoplankton size structure and seston structure were studied. Polyculture of sil- ver carp can suppress the Cyanophyta bloom and make phytoplankton size smaller, contributions of 5, 5 -20, 〉20 μm were about,69%, 24%, 7% of total phytoplankton biomass respectively. Zooplankton were dominated by protozoa and rotifer and zooplankton biomass was reduced by silver carp. In group GC without silver carp, Cyanophyta bloom occurred, contributions of three size strcutures to total phyto- plankton biomass were about 30% and zooplankton were dominated by copepods and Cladocera. Suspen- ded particulate matter （SPM） concentrations ranged from 18. 89 to 116.27 mg/L and was 52.49 mg/L on average. The contributions of particulate organic matter （POM） to SPM averaged 50.08%. Positive correlation（R2=0. 188, P〈0. 001）was found between POM and SPM.

关 键 词：鲢鱼 浮游生物 粒级 悬浮颗粒物 颗粒有机物 

分 类 号：S964.3[农业科学—水产养殖]