怀疑论难题与认识的语境论的解决策略  

Skeptical Paradox and Its Solving Strategy of Epistemic Contextualism

作　　者：魏屹东[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山西大学科学技术哲学研究中心 [2]山西大学哲学社会学学院

出　　处：《社会科学》2011年第10期115-125,共11页Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学后期资助项目"科学哲学的语境重建"(项目编号:09FZX011);山西省留学基金项目"科学认知的机制与表征模型研究"(项目编号:0905502)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：知识的形成与确证是认识论的重要问题。围绕这个问题,语境论与怀疑论进行了长期的争论。认识的语境论认为,知识的形成与确证是依赖语境的,也即,知道还是不知道某个命题的意义在语境中是能够确定的,怀疑论则认为知道还是不知道与语境无关,知识不能确证,并举出各种例子如斑马案例予以反驳。为此,怀疑论者提出了怀疑论难题挑战语境论的主张,语境论内部则形成了诸如条件语境论、相关选择语境论等来回应怀疑论。无论双方争论的结果如何,怀疑论难题的提出为认识的语境论的产生与发展提供了契机,极大地推进了认识论的发展。The form and justification of knowledge is an important problem of epistemology in our times,on which epistemic contextualism and skepticalism debate for a long time.Contextualists argue that the form and justification of knowledge depends on its context,that is,knowing or not-knowing can be justified in its context.But skepticalists think that knowing or not-knowing does not depend on its context,and that knowledge does not need to be justified.For this purpose,skepticalists put forward a skeptical paradox challenging the ideas of contextualism.At the same time,contextualists develope different forms such as conditional contextualism and relevant alternative contextualism to refute skepticalists.No matter what the outcome of the debate,skeptical paradox provides an opportunity for the development of epistemic contextualism.

关 键 词：认识的语境论 怀疑论难题 条件语境论 相关选择语境论 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]