外部性的本质与分类  

On the Essence and Classification of Externality

作　　者：胡石清[1] 乌家培[1] 

机构地区：[1]华侨大学商学院,福建泉州362021

出　　处：《当代财经》2011年第10期5-14,共10页Contemporary Finance and Economics

基　　金：华侨大学科研基金资助项目

摘　　要：外部性概念至今仍模糊不清,其原因就在于研究的外部性对象并不一致。从系统论出发,以行为方为核心,通过其影响范围的延伸,将外部性划分为科斯外部性、马歇尔外部性和庇古外部性三种类型,进一步明晰了外部性的轮廓,区分了简单外部性和复杂外部性。在此基础上,揭示了外部性的本质,即受影响方的决策非参与性和缺乏有效的反馈机制。明确了外部性的定义,同时引入外部性系数,将外部性研究从定性研究引向定量研究。Externality is a focus of the economic research,but the conception of externality remains unclear because of the differences of objects of the studies.From the viewpoint of system theory and with the action side as the core,this paper analyzes the extension of the influence and divides the externality into three types： Marshall externality,Coase externality and Pigou externality,so that the outline of externality is clarified.It can also be distinguished as simple externality and complex externality.On this basis,this paper reveals the essence of externality,i.e.the no-participation of the influenced side and the lack of effective feedback mechanisms.Once the externality is redefined and the externality coefficient is introduced,the study of externality can be led from qualitative research into quantitative research.

关 键 词：外部性 系统论 复杂性 外部性系数 

分 类 号：F016[经济管理—政治经济学]