大学生气质性乐观、解释风格与主观幸福感的关系研究  

Dispositional Optimism,Explanatory Style and Subjective Well-being:A Correlation Research in College Students

作　　者：温娟娟[1] 郑雪[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南职业技术学院心理咨询中心,郑州450046 [2]华南师范大学应用心理研究中心,广州510631

出　　处：《心理研究》2011年第5期90-96,共7页Psychological Research

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大委托项目(2004256)

摘　　要：综合当前乐观研究的两种取向——气质性乐观论和解释风格论,探讨二者之间的关系,及其对大学生主观幸福感的影响。结果表明:气质性乐观是一个二因素结构,人同时拥有一个乐观水平和一个悲观水平。真正的乐观者具有高乐观和低悲观的最佳气质性乐观水平,他们的主观幸福感体验最高。不同解释风格在主观幸福感各因子上的差异极其显著,乐观解释风格的人的主观幸福感体验最高。气质性乐观和解释风格之间的预测作用是相互的。气质性乐观的乐观和悲观两个因子对生活满意度和积极情感有显著的预测作用,只有乐观因子对消极情感有显著的预测作用。解释风格对生活满意度和积极情感有正向预测作用,而对消极情感有负向预测作用;悲观和解释风格的交互效应对生活满意和消极情感有显著的预测作用,乐观和解释风格的交互效应对积极情感有显著的预测作用。Based on the review of optimism theory research：dispositional optimism and optimistic explanatory style,the present study aimed to explore the relationship between dispositional optimism and explanatory style,and their influence on subjective well-being in college students.The results showed：Dispositional optimism had two factors optimism and pessimism.People had one optimism level and one pessimism level.True optimists reported high optimism and low pessimism,which were the best level of dispositional optimism.True optimists＇ subjective well-being was the highest.There was significant difference between optimistic explanatory style （OES） and pessimistic explanatory style（PES） on subject well-being.Further,the OES experienced higher subject well-being than the PES.Explanatory style could significantly predict dispositional optimism,and dispositional optimism could also significantly predict explanatory style.The optimism and pessimism factors of dispositional optimism could significantly predict life satisfaction and positive affect,only the optimism factor of dispositional optimism could significantly predict negative affect.Explanatory style could positively predict life satisfaction and positive affect and negatively predict negative affect.The interaction effect between dispositional optimism and explanatory style could significantly predict some factors of subject well-being,pessimism × explanatory style could significantly predict life satisfaction,optimism × explanatory style could significantly predict positive affect and negative affect.

关 键 词：大学生 气质性乐观 解释风格 主观幸福感 

分 类 号：B844.2[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]