任务性质、观察学习和身体练习比例对运动技能学习的影响  

On Effects on Motor Learning by Task Character and Observational Learning Plus Physical Practice Proportion

作　　者：王晓波[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州轻工业学院体育系,郑州450000

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2011年第5期603-608,共6页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：郑州轻工业学院博士科研基金资助项目(BSJJ015)

摘　　要：观察使用计算机追踪任务探讨任务性质、观察学习和身体练习比例对运动技能学习的影响。72名受试划分为开放性任务学习组和封闭性任务学习组,然后再根据观察学习+身体练习比例将受试随机分为25%观察学习+75%身体练习组、50%观察学习+50%身体练习组、以及75%观察学习+25%身体练习组,进行为期3 d的计算机追踪任务学习。第3 d学习结束后,对所有受试进行即刻测试2、4 h后保持测试和迁移测试。结果显示:对于封闭性任务技能学习而言,50%观察学习+50%身体练习的比例所获得的学习效果好于25%观察学习+75%身体练习的比例和75%观察学习+25%身体练习的比例;对于开放性任务技能学习而言,25%观察学习+75%身体练习的比例所获得的学习效果好于75%观察学习+25%身体练习的比例;使用相同比例条件下,封闭性任务技能的学习效果好于开放性任务技能。The purpose of the presented research is to employ computer - tracking - task in exploration of the effects on motor learning by task character, observational learning - physical practice proportion. 72 subjects were randomly assigned into open - task learning group and closed - task learning groups, then these subjects were randomly assigned into one of three groups： the 25% observational learning ＋ 75% physical practice group, the 50% observational learning ＋ 50% physical practice group, and the 75% observational learning ＋ 25% physical practice group. After 3 days＇ learning of a computer tracking task, all subjects were given immediate test, 24 - hour delayed retention test, and transfer test respectively. The re- sult indicated that the proportion of 50% observational learning ＋ 50% physical practice was significantly better than 75% observational learning ＋ 25% physical practice and 25% observational learning ＋ 75% physical practice for the closed tracking skill learning, but the proportion of 25% observational learning ＋ 75% physical practice was better than 25% observational learning ＋ 75% physical practice for the open tracking skill learning.

关 键 词：比例 观察学习 身体练习 任务性质 运动技能 学习 

分 类 号：G804.85[文化科学—运动人体科学]