垦殖后洲滩湿地生态恢复的景观设计途径——以长江新济洲滩为例  

ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION OF A RECLAIMED ISLAND LANDSCAPE IN THE YANGTZE RIVER

作　　者：俞孔坚[1] 陈义勇[1,2] 王春连[1] 李迪华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学建筑与景观设计学院,北京100871 [2]北京大学城市与环境学院,北京100871

出　　处：《长江流域资源与环境》2011年第10期1255-1261,共7页Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"南京长江新济洲群发展策划与概念规划项目"(批准号51078004)资助

摘　　要：长江南京段新济洲滩是一处由心滩不断扩大形成的洲滩湿地,由于人类长期垦殖、修筑垸堤等活动,导致洲滩湿地的景观格局和过程发生根本性改变,湿地生态系统服务退化。从景观生态学的角度出发,参照Steinitz景观设计六步骤模式,构建了描述、过程、评价、改变、评估和决策模型,探讨洲滩湿地的生态恢复途径,指出拆除垸堤、去除人类过分干扰是新济洲滩生态恢复的关键,恢复自然洪水过程、让自然做功、恢复季节性湿地及生境是其基本途径。模拟维持现状、拆除圩堤、拆除防洪堤3种预景,分析不同预景洲滩湿地面积、生物栖息地面积变化,结果表明拆除防洪堤将使洲滩季节性、洪水泛滥湿地面积所占比重分别将由5%、4%增加到56%、24%,长江鱼类、龟鳄类、涉禽类栖息地面积所占比重由7%、11%、5%分别增加到21%、75%、56%。湿地是重要的景观生态系统,利用Steinitz六步骤模式进行生态恢复途径的探讨,对其他湿地生态恢复的规划和设计也有重要的借鉴意义。This paper discussed the ecological restoration of a reclaimed riparian wetland, using the example of Xinji Riverine Island located inside the Yangtze River, with GIS/RS tools and a six-level framework. The reclaimed island was strongly anthropogenically disturbed, resulting in a change of structure and process of the riverine island landscape as well as a decrease of its ecological services. The ecological approach considers the physical and biological factors to represent landscape＇s ability to support riparian wet- land ecosystem services. Three scenarios, namely maintaining the status quo, removing the ponder dyke, and removing all flood embankments, were established to select the best solution. We estimate the impact of the different scenarios on the wetland area and the habitat, which points out that the extensive removal of all flood embankments would result in an increase of wetland area with 5% to 56% and an increase in the habitat for fishes, ehelonians, limpkins with respectively 7%, 11%, 5% to 21%, 75%, 56%. We suggest the extensive removal of the anthropogenic disturbance, which would restore the natural flooding cycle, the temporary wetlands and habitat. The approach creates a precedent for the ecological restoration- of other riverine wetland systems under anthropogenic disturbance.

关 键 词：洲滩湿地 生态恢复 景观设计 Steinitz六步骤模式 长江新济洲滩 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学] TU986.2[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]