赛前减量训练生理机制研究进展  

Progress of physiological mechanism research in tapering

作　　者：周越[1] 王瑞元[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学运动人体科学学院,北京100084 [2]北京体育大学研究生院,北京100084

出　　处：《武汉体育学院学报》2011年第10期47-51,共5页Journal of Wuhan Sports University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2009BAK57B01)

摘　　要：在比赛前进行的减少训练量的恢复性训练称为赛前减量训练。适当的赛前减量训练不会对运动员的竞技能力造成任何损失,反而会明显增进运动员机能。赛前减量方法的应用已在游泳、田径和自行车等项目上取得明显的效果。赛前减量训练的时间一般为1到4周;减量训练课内容的安排要以专项练习为主;训练量要小,训练强度应与减量前保持相当或略有增加;减量期训练负荷应该逐渐减少。一般认为经过赛前减量训练的运动员,运动成绩提高与肌肉糖元贮备得以恢复或提高,血液血红细胞数量增加,血容量增加,肌肉的酶活性增加,赛前心理状态的改善等因素有关。The training period before competition is called tapering,which is arranged with reduced training volume for the athletes＇ recovery.Appropriate tapering can improve athletes＇ capacity effectively rather than loose it.The tapering application in swimming,running,cycle events has made great effect.The period of tapering will last 1 to 4 weeks generally.The aspects of tapering include special exercise,less training volume,equal or higher training intensity than before,and the gradually reduced training load.The performance improvement of athletes after tapering is closely related to such factors as more glycogen reserved,higher hemoglobin concentration and blood volumes,enhanced activity of key energy-producing enzymes,and improved psychology condition.

关 键 词：运动训练 赛前减量 训练负荷 田径 游泳 自行车 

分 类 号：G804.23[文化科学—运动人体科学]