湖北省莲藕生产与施肥现状调查  

Present Status Investigation of Production and Fertilization on Rhizome Lotus in Hubei Province

作　　者：熊桂云[1] 童军 刘冬碧[1] 邓艳国 王金明 方建坤 曹国松 王必武 丁亨虎 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [2]湖北省土壤肥料工作站,武汉430070 [3]湖北省汉川市农业局,湖北汉川431600 [4]湖北省云梦县农业局,湖北云梦432500 [5]湖北省武汉市东西湖区农业局,武汉430040 [6]湖北省武汉市蔡甸区农业局,武汉430100 [7]湖北省仙桃市农业局,湖北仙桃433000 [8]湖北省潜江市农业局,湖北潜江433100

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2011年第19期3934-3939,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：测土配方施肥国家资金补贴项目(财政部财农[2008]21号);湖北省农业科技创新项目(2007-620-003-03-05);国际植物营养研究所项目(IPNI-HB-24)

摘　　要：采用进村入户问卷方法,详尽调查了湖北省几个主要产区莲藕的生产和施肥现状。结果表明,当前农户习惯生产管理条件下,优质莲藕品种的生产潜力没有得到充分发挥,而部分藕田病虫害发生比较严重和施肥技术不合理是莲藕单产较低的两个重要原因。莲藕施肥技术不合理主要表现为氮、磷肥施用量过高,钾肥用量不足,磷、钾肥尤其是磷肥施用时间过迟,忽视锌、硼等微量元素肥料的使用。针对上述现状提出了"减氮减磷增钾补锌补硼"和"磷钾肥前移"的莲藕高产高效优化施肥技术。The present status of production and fertilization on rhizome lotus in Hubei province was investigated by questionnaires. Results showed that, under the current farmers＇ practice, the yield potential of excellent rhizome lotus variety was not fully developed. Serious occurrence of diseases and （or） pests in some rhizome lotus fields and irrational fertilization techniques were the two important causes for relatively low rhizome lotus yield. Irrational fertilizations in rhizome lotus field included over use of nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） fertilizers and insufficient potassium （K） fertilizers, too late of P and K （especially P） fertilization period, and neglect of zinc （Zn） and boron （B） fertilization. Based on the above fertilization status, optimized fertilization techniques for high yield and high efficiency were suggested to be （1） conducting balanced fertilization by decreasing N and P fertilizers and increasing K fertilizers, and applying Zn and B fertilizers according to yield goal and nutrient status of rhizome lotus field. （2） using more percentage of P and K as basal fertilizers rather than top-dressing.

关 键 词：莲藕 产量现状 施肥现状 湖北省 

分 类 号：S645.106.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]