若羌绿洲近55a气候变化基本特征  

Climate Change Characteristic of Ruoqiang Oasis During Recent 55 Years

作　　者：胡文峰[1,2] 何清[2] 金莉莉[1,2] 赵聪敏[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830054 [2]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《干旱气象》2011年第3期297-301,共5页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2008BAC40B05-01);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201006012)共同资助

摘　　要：利用1954～2008年若羌气象站年平均气温、年降水量、年平均地面风速、年沙尘日数和沙尘暴日数等资料,分析了近55 a若羌绿洲地面气候变化基本特征。研究表明:(1)近50 a来若羌绿洲各气象要素综合表现为显著的暖湿化趋势,其中年平均气温增温速率普遍为0.25℃/10 a,高于0.22℃/10 a的全国平均水平,与全球变暖的大背景相一致;(2)年降水量表现为小幅增加趋势,降水增加速率为6.5 mm/10 a,与新疆降水量增加的趋势一致;(3)年平均地面风速减小速率为0.08 m.s-1/10 a,主要是由于农林绿化的增加;(4)年沙尘日数、年沙尘暴日数都呈减少趋势,减少速率分别为21.6 d/10 a和4 d/10 a,与降水量增加、生态改善、气候的暖湿化有关;(5)若羌绿洲的气温、降水、地面风速、年沙尘日数用Mann-kendall方法检验分别在不同年份发生了不同程度的突变。结果指出若羌绿洲气候正在趋于暖湿化。Some characteristics of climate change was obtained by analyzing annual mean temperature,annual precipitation,annual mean surface wind speed,annual dust days and sand storm days in Ruoqiang oasis during 1954-2008.The results are as follows：（1）The annual mean temperature presented increasing trend with the rate of 0.25 ℃/10 a,which was consistent with that of the other region of Xinjiang;（2）The annual rainfall also increased generally with the increasing rate of 6.5 mm/10 a;（3） The annual mean surface wind speed decreased but the trend was not obvious;（4）The annual dust and sand storm days decreased also with the rate of 21.6 d/10 a and 4 d/10 a;（5）There were some abrupt changes in annual temperature,rainfall,wind speed,dust and sand storm days in different years obtained from Mann-Kendall test.All these showed that climate in Ruoqiang oasis was becoming warm and wet.

关 键 词：若羌绿洲 气候变化 突变 变化趋势 

分 类 号：P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]