北京市心理援助热线自杀高危来电的特征及干预效果  

Characteristics of high suicide risk calls and effectiveness of crisis intervention by Beijing crisis hotline

作　　者：王翠玲[1] 王绍礼[1] 童永胜[1] 杨甫德[1] 孟梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京回龙观医院北京心理危机研究与干预中心,北京100096

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2011年第10期741-745,共5页Chinese Mental Health Journal

摘　　要：目的:了解北京市心理援助热线自杀高危来电特征及干预效果。方法:选取2006年1月至2010年8月拨打北京市心理援助热线的来电,符合高危随访条件来电共856例,其中预约随访来电586例。应用适合非精神科医师使用的抑郁症诊断筛选量表,对来电者近两周的抑郁情绪及自杀危险进行评估。对评估出的高危来电者进行24小时、1周及1月三次随访。结果:586例来电中,女性350例,男性236例;平均年龄(29±9)岁;平均受教育年限(12±4)年;已婚133例,未婚354例;学生98例,无业或退休245例,在业243例;既往有明确的精神科诊断者353例,其中抑郁症225例;既往有自杀未遂史者289例;亲友有过自杀行为者234例。来电咨询问题前三位为:精神心理问题,家庭关系问题、恋爱及与朋友同事矛盾问题。即刻及随后三次随访结果显示,来电者的自杀危险程度显著降低,每次干预自杀危险程度均较前次显著降低。结论:心理援助热线可以在一定程度上减低自杀高危者的危险程度,并提示热线应提供后续的干预服务,以保证自杀的干预效果持续有效。Objective： To explore the characteristics callers with high suicide risk and the effectiveness of suicide intervention by Beijing crisis hotline. Methods： Among the calls of Beijing crisis hotline from January 2006 to August 2010, 856 calls were selected as high risk calls, and among them, 586 callers received follow up from the hotline. A screening instrument for depression was used to assess the callers＇depression in recent 2 weeks and suicide risk. The high risk calls were followed up by Beijing crisis hotline within 24-hour, one-week and one-month. Result： Among the 586 callers, 350 were females, and 236 were males. The average age was （29 ±9） years old. The mean year of education was （12. 5±3. 6） years. Among them, 354 calls were unmarried, 98 callers were students, 245 callers were unemployed, 353 callers had psychiatric diagnosis, 289 callers had past suicide attempt, and 234 callers whose family or friend had suicidal behavior. The top 3 main issues of the calls were mental and psychological problems, family relationship problems and relationship problems with others. Immediate and the other three follow-up results showed a significant intervention effect with a lower level of inevery fouow-up than its former one, Conclusion： Crisis hotline could reduce the degree of callers＇suicide risk to some extent, and the follow-up intervention services should be provided in order to maintain the effectiveness of the intervention.

关 键 词：心理援助热线 自杀高危来电 高危随访 干预 

分 类 号：R749.055[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学] C913.5[医药卫生—临床医学]