北京市顺义区40岁及以上人群视力损害现况调查  

Cross-sectional study of visual impairment in Shunyi district of Beijing,China

作　　者：李炳震[1] 刘瑜玲[1] 韩亮[1] 由德勃[1] 王婷[1] 蒋爱民[2] 降丽娟[2] 吴丽波[2] 赵一鸣[3] 阴正勤[4] 马志中[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院眼科北京大学眼科中心教育部重点实验室,100191 [2]北京市顺义区医院眼科,101300 [3]北京大学第三医院临床流行病学中心,100191 [4]第三军医大学西南医院眼科,重庆400038

出　　处：《中华实验眼科杂志》2011年第10期936-940,共5页Chinese Journal Of Experimental Ophthalmology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划）项目（2007CB512203）

摘　　要：背景视力损害不仅影响患者的生活质量，也给其家庭和社会带来巨大的经济负担。通过流行病学调查了解盲和致盲性眼病的现状是做好防盲工作的基础。目的对北京市顺义区≥40岁人群进行视力损害的现况调查，为中国政府制定防盲计划提供相关信息。方法采用横断面研究设计，根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的视力损害标准，采用整群随机抽样的方法对北京市顺义区≥40岁人群进行问卷调查及电脑验光、最佳矫正视力（BCVA）检查、裂隙灯显微镜检查和直接检眼镜下眼底检查。不同年龄受检人群的视力分析以10岁的间隔进行分组，用多因素Logistic回归分析法对视力损害与年龄、性别及文化程度间的关联性进行分析。本研究检查人员均经过标准化培训。结果本调查共入选满足纳入条件者4549人，实际接受筛查者4167人，应答率为91．6％。受检者年龄为40～94岁，平均（56．61±11．10）岁；受检者中视力损害者161例，患病率为3．9％。随着年龄的增长，视力损害的患病率呈明显增长趋势，不同年龄组视力损害发生率的总体差异有统计学意义（X2=159．487，P〈0．01）；≥70岁年龄组视力损害的患病率是40～49岁年龄组的15倍（OR=0．114，95％CI：0．056～0．234）。女性视力损害患病率稍高于男性，但差异无统计学意义（OR=0．901，95％CI：0．627～1．295）。文盲组视力损害患病率为非文盲组的5．5倍，差异有统计学意义（OR=2．743，95％CI：1．830～4．111）。结论年龄的增长及低文化程度是视力损害患病率增高的主要影响因素，对于个体而言，文化程度的提高是防止视力损害的保护性因素。Background Visual impairment influent the life quality of patient and bring about the economical burden to their families and society. Epidemiology survey of the prevalence and main causes of visual impairment is the basis of the prevention of blindness. Objective The goal of this survey was to investigate the visual impairment in the subjects aged 40 years or older living in Shunyi district and assist in the design of intervention programs. Methods A cross-sectional survey was performed in this study. Cluster sampling was used to randomly select 4549 individuals aged i〉40 years in Shunyi district,and visual impairment was evaluated based on WHO criteria and analyzed based on the 10-year interval groups. The questionnaire, best corrected visual acuity （BCVA） and comprehensive eye examination were provided for eligible residents. To evaluate the independent association of significant sociodemographic variables with visual impairment, a regression model was constructed including age, sex and education level. This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of Peking University Medical Department. Written informed consent was signed by each subject before any medial survey. Results A total of 4167 subjects participated in this survey with the response rate of 91.6%. The age of the subjects ranged from 40-94 years （mean ：56. 61±11. 10 years）. The numbers of visual impairment was 161 with the prevalence 3.9%. Trend X2 test showed that the number and percentage of visual impairment were elevated as the increase of age, showing a significantly difference among different age groups （X2 =-159. 487, P〈0. 01 ）. The prevalence rate of visual impairment in 70 and older group was 15 times more than that of 60-69-year-old group （OR = 0. 114,95% CI： 0. 056-0. 234）. No significant difference was found between gender and prevalence of visual impairment （ OR=0. 901,95% C1 ： 0. 627 - 1. 295 ）. The prevalence rate of visual impairment in illiterate group was 5.5 fold nmre than that of educated group （OR

关 键 词：视力 患病率 流行病学 

分 类 号：R77[医药卫生—眼科]