污水处理厂二级出水中总异养菌群对6种抗生素的耐受性研究  

Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria to 6 Antibiotics in Secondary Effluents of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

作　　者：陆孙琴[1,2] 李轶[1] 黄晶晶[2] 魏斌[2] 胡洪营[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]河海大学环境学院,南京210098 [2]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [3]清华大学深圳研究生院,深圳518055

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第11期3419-3424,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目(50825801);国家自然科学基金项目(51078209)

摘　　要：以北京市2座污水处理厂二级出水为研究对象,通过考察总异养菌群、抗性菌比例、浓度及抗生素对细菌的半抑制浓度,研究了二级出水中一般细菌对青霉素、氨苄青霉素、头孢氨苄、氯霉素、四环素和利福平6种抗生素在不同浓度下的耐受性.结果表明,2座污水处理厂出水中青霉素、氨苄青霉素、头孢氨苄和氯霉素抗性菌比例较四环素和利福平高.当抗生素浓度为32mg.L-1时,污水处理厂G二级出水中头孢氨苄抗性菌比例最高为59%,而污水处理厂Q二级出水中氯霉素抗性菌比例最高为44%.头孢氨苄抗性菌在污水处理厂G、Q出水中的浓度分别高达4.0×103 CFU.mL-1和3.5×104 CFU.mL-1,而氯霉素抗性菌浓度分别高达4.9×102 CFU.mL-1和4.6×104 CFU.mL-1.污水处理厂G中异养菌对头孢氨苄的耐受能力最强,其半抑制浓度>32 mg.L-1;污水处理厂Q中,异养菌对氯霉素的耐受能力最强,其半抑制浓度为23.1 mg.L-1.污水处理厂二级出水中部分抗生素抗性菌污染严重,且稳定存在于低浓度抗生素的处理出水.Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wastewater effluents is concerned as an emerging contaminant.To estimate antibiotic resistance in secondary effluents of municipal wastewater treatment plants,antibiotic tolerance of heterotrophic bacteria,proportion of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and hemi-inhibitory concentrations of six antibiotics（penicillin,ampicillin,cefalexin,chloramphenicol,tetracycline and rifampicin） were determined at two wastewater treatment plants（WWTPs）in Beijing.The results showed that proportions of ampicillin-resistant bacteria in WWTP-G and chloramphenicol-resistant bacteria in WWTP-Q were highest to 59% and 44%,respectively.The concentrations of ampicillin-resistant bacteria in the effluents of WWTP-G and WWTP-Q were as high as 4.0×103 CFU·mL-1 and 3.5×104 CFU·mL-1,respectively;the concentrations of chloramphenicol-resistant bacteria were 4.9×102 CFU·mL-1 and 4.6×104 CFU·mL-1,respectively.The data also indicated that the hemi-inhibitory concentrations of heterotrophic bacteria to 6 antibiotics were much higher than common concentrations of antibiotics in sewages,which suggested that antibiotic-resistant bacteria could exist over a long period in the effluents with low concentrations of antibiotics.Antibiotic-resistant bacteria could be a potential microbial risk during sewage effluent reuse or emission into environmental waters.

关 键 词：总异养菌数 抗生素抗性菌 耐受性 半抑制浓度 污水回用 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]