从“箕子明夷”到“听其有矢”——对《周易》“明夷”的法文化解读  

From "Ji zi's Clarifying Doubts" to "Listening to the Arrows":An Interpretation of Ming yi in the Zhouyi from Legal Culture

作　　者：武树臣[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《周易研究》2011年第5期70-76,共7页Studies of Zhouyi

摘　　要："明"即辨别、验证,"夷"即弓矢的合文,表示弓、矢上面的符号一致。"明夷"即"验证弓矢"。弓矢是东夷民族发明的工具和武器。弓矢是论功行赏论罪行罚和确认战利品归属的重要凭据,也是确定猎获物所有权和损害赔偿责任的重要依据。古"灋"字中的"去"由弓矢二字构成,表示弓、矢上面的符号不一致。"明夷"与《洪范》九畴之"明用稽疑"之间具有内在联系,"明夷"或即"明疑。"这种方法由于曾经被殷末箕子所提倡或坚持而与其名字联在一起。西周金文"灋"字的产生与"明夷"制度有关。"灋"字标志着古代法律由神判法(独角兽廌)向人判法(重视证据)的过渡。Ming 明 refers to discrimination and verification whereas Yi 夷 is a combined character of gong 弓 （bow） and shi矢 （ar- row} , designating the congruity of the symbols on the bow and arrows. Mingyi 明夷 refers to verifying bow and arrows. Bow and arrow were invented by the nation of Dong yi 东夷（ Eastern Barbarians）. As important evidences for rewards, punishment, and belonging of spoils of war, bow and arrows were also important basis to ascertain the ownership of prey and determine compensation liability. The strokes of qu 去 in the ancient character 溶 was constituted by gong 弓 （ bow ） and shi 矢 （ arrow）, demonstrating the inconaistency of the symbols on bow and arrows. Mingyi 明夷 is interrelated to Ming yong ji yi 明用稽疑 （removing doubts by divination） mentioned in the Chapter Hongfan 洪范 （ Cardinal Principles） in the Classic of History. Since this method had been advocated or adhered to by Ji zi 箕子, the term was connected with his name. The emergence of the character 溶 on ancient bronze objects in the Western Zhou dynasty is related to the system of Mingyi 明夷 （ removing doubts ）. The character 溶 symbolizes the transition from trial by unicorns to the emphasis on evidence.

关 键 词：明夷 箕子 弓矢 明用稽疑 听其有矢 

分 类 号：B221[哲学宗教—中国哲学]