丝状真菌中的RNA干扰及其应用技术  

Advances in Filamentous Fungal RNA Interference and Its Application Technology

作　　者：王绍文[1,2] 刘刚[1] 邢苗[1,2] 田生礼[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳大学生命科学学院深圳市微生物基因工程重点实验室,深圳518060 [2]华南农业大学生命科学学院,广州510642

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2011年第10期77-83,共7页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31070044)

摘　　要：RNA干扰是真核生物中相对保守的一种基因转录后表达调控机制,它通过双链RNA介导细胞内mRNA发生特异性降解或翻译抑制,从而调控靶基因的表达。对丝状真菌中RNA压制和减数分裂沉默等现象的研究表明,与动、植物一样,丝状真菌中也存在RNA干扰现象。通过对RNA压制缺失突变株和减数分裂沉默缺失突变株的一系列分子生物学研究,获得了与之密切相关的一系列蛋白,而这些蛋白在结构和功能上与动、植物RNA干扰途径的蛋白高度相似,这些结果证明了丝状真菌中的RNA存在干扰现象。RNA干扰技术作为丝状真菌分子生物学研究或遗传改造的工具具有特殊的意义,因为丝状真菌具有多核和发生非同源重组频率高的特点,难以用基因敲除手段进行改造。系统地介绍丝状真菌中的RNA干扰途径以及使用RNA干扰对真菌进行遗传改造的方法。RNA interference is a relative conversed mechanism for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes.It regulates the expression of target genes through specific degradation or post-transcriptional gene silencing mediated by double stranded RNA.Besides animal or plant cells,RNA interference also has been found in filamentous fungi.Several proteins depend on quelling or meiotic silencing have been found through comprehensively molecular study on the quelling deficient and meiotic silencing deficient mutants of filamentous fungi,and these proteins are highly similar to the RNA interference pathway protein.These researches demonstrate that RNA interference works in filamentous fungi.It has special significance to employ RNA interference as a tool for molecular biology research and genetic manipulation of filamentous fungi,for these microbes generally consist of multinuclear hyphae,and in which the frequency of non-homologous recombination is much higher than homologous recombination.This review summarized the recent advances in RNA interference research and its application technology in filamentous fungi.

关 键 词：RNA干扰 RNA压制 减数分裂沉默 SIRNA 丝状真菌 

分 类 号：Q78[生物学—分子生物学]