基于无线传感器网络的跨层拥塞控制协议  

Cross-Layer Congestion Control for Wireless Sensor Networks

作　　者：张玉鹏[1] 刘凯[1] 王广学[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院,北京100191 [2]中国联通北京市分公司,北京100038

出　　处：《电子学报》2011年第10期2258-2262,共5页Acta Electronica Sinica

基　　金：国家创新研究群体科学基金(No.60921001);国家自然科学基金(No.60933012);国家科技重大专项(No.2009ZX03006-001-003);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(No.YWF-10-01-A16);北京航空航天大学"蓝天新星"计划(No.221235)

摘　　要：无线传感器网络(WSN)中由拥塞引起的大量分组重传以及重传多次失败后的分组丢弃会导致较长的时延、较高的分组丢失率和较多的能量消耗.为了准确探测和控制网络拥塞,提出了一种基于跨层设计的拥塞控制协议,即上行拥塞控制(UCC)协议.该协议利用节点在媒质接入控制(MAC)层中未占用的缓冲器区间大小和所预测的通信流量作为该节点的拥塞等级指示,并结合节点优先权分配上一跳节点的业务传输速率.基于这种拥塞探测和考虑优先权的速率调节方法,UCC协议实现了跨层优化,并通过逐跳调节业务传输速率减轻了网络拥塞.仿真结果表明,与CCF和PCCP协议相比,该协议提高了吞吐量,具有更好的基于优先权的公平性,并且降低了分组丢失率.Congestion in wireless sensor networks（WSNs） can lead to longer delay,higher packet loss ratio,and higher energy waste due to a large number of packet retransmissions and packet drops after several retransmission failures.To detect congestion precisely and regulate it fairly,a congestion control protocol based on cross-layer design,i.e.upstream congestion control（UCC） protocol,is proposed.In the protocol,each node takes advantage of unoccupied buffer size and predicted traffic flow at medium access control（MAC） layer as congestion level indication,and combines node priority to assign the upstream traffic rates of its last-hop nodes.Based on this congestion detection and priority-based rate adjustment schemes,the UCC protocol utilizes a cross-layer optimization and mitigates congestion with the help of hop-by hop rate adjustment.Finally,simulation results show that the proposed protocol achieves higher throughput,better priority-based fairness and lower packet loss ratio than both congestion control and fairness（CCF） protocol and priority-based congestion control protocol（PCCP）.

关 键 词：无线传感器网络 拥塞控制 跨层优化 公平性 

分 类 号：TP915.04[自动化与计算机技术]