面孔倒置效应的研究与理论述评  

Researches and Theories on Face Inversion Effect

作　　者：汪海玲[1] 傅世敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学心理学系,北京100084

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2011年第11期1588-1594,共7页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部留学回国人员科研启动基金资助项目;清华大学自主科研计划资助项目(20111081107)

摘　　要：面孔倒置效应是指,个体对倒置面孔的再认成绩显著低于对正立面孔的再认成绩,而且,与普通物体的倒置效应相比,面孔的倒置效应更大。研究者们针对面孔倒置效应提出了多种理论假说,两种主要的理论解释是:第一,倒置面孔破坏了面孔的结构特征,影响了面孔的整体加工,所以,个体对倒置面孔的再认成绩较差;第二,眼睛在面孔加工中起重要作用,尤其在倒置面孔中的作用更明显,使得倒置面孔N170波幅较高。ERP和fMRI研究提示,未来研究需要进一步明确眼睛、注意等在面孔倒置效应中的作用。Face inversion effect refers to the fact that the recognition is severely impaired for inverted relative to upright faces. The inversion effect is larger for faces relative to other objects, such as house. Several theoretical frameworks have been proposed to account for this face inversion effect, but the present review focused on two popular views, namely the configural processing hypothesis and the eye specificity hypothesis. The configural processing hypothesis posits that inverted faces impair the structural feature of faces and thus influence holistic processing. According to the eye specificity hypothesis, eyes play an important role in face processing, especially when faces are inverted. Evidences from ERP and fMRI studies are discussed. The importance of eyes and attention should be addressed in future studies.

关 键 词：面孔倒置效应 整体加工 眼睛 ERP N170 FMRI 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]