中国古代人物品评中的“典型”批评  

The Criticism of "Model" in Figures Commentary of Ancient Chinese

作　　者：汪泓[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学当代形态文艺学研究中心暨文学院,江西南昌330027

出　　处：《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2011年第5期108-114,共7页Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：典型是中国古代人物品评重要的审美范畴之一。"尚典型"与"称典型"从两方面构建了"典型"人物与传统历史及现实未来的关系。唐以后人物品评中典型批评的盛行表明,中国传统文化对遵礼守法及道德规范的高度重视,"典型"人物身上往往呈现出古风古韵。"典型"人物亦颇具老成之品性,以中正、七十"不逾矩"为人生的最高境界。人物典型批评还往往与"清风"连用,"典型"人物无论从外形还是从骨髓里都透出清明的风貌,体现了善与美的统一。传统诗文中还有不少将饮酒与"典型"联系起来的语句,形成了一个脱俗率性的"饮者典型"的文学母题。＂ Model＂ is one of the important aesthetic categories in figures commentary of ancient Chinese antiquity. ＂Learning from ＇ model＇ ＂ and ＂becoming a ＇ model＇ ＂ had built the characters＇ relationship between traditional history and real future from two aspects. The prevalence of ＂model＂ criticism in figures commentary in the Tang Dynasty and the following era had indicated the high importance with the compliance to etiquette and moral in traditional culture of China, and the ＂model＂ figures always tended to reflect the classic flavor. The ＂model＂ figures also tended to be steady, to be moderate or follow one＇ s heart without overstepping the boundary of fight at seventy, were considered as the most supreme realm in one＇ s life. The criticism of ＂model＂ was always used with ＂fresh wind＂, the ＂model＂ figures displayed a style of freshness or elegance in whether semblance or immanence, and reflected the unity of the gobd and the beautiful. Besides, a lot of sentences in traditional poetries and essays connected drinking with ＂model＂, they had formed a literal motif of refined ＂drinker model＂.

关 键 词：典刑 典型 人物品评 美学 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]