小麦品种小偃6号染色体结构变异的细胞学研究  

A Cytological Study of Chromosomal Structure Changes in a Common Wheat Variety, Xiaoyan No. 6

作　　者：李万隆[1] 李振声[1] 穆素梅 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北植物研究所

出　　处：《Acta Genetica Sinica》1990年第6期430-437,共8页

摘　　要：本文报道了小麦品种小偃6号的染色体结构变异。小偃6号及其亲缘品种与中国春小麦杂交,杂种F_1染色体配对资料表明:小偃6号及其父本小偃96与中国春在染色体结构上有很大差异。八倍体小偃麦小偃693与小偃6号和小偃96杂种F_1减数分裂中期出现19″+2′′′+5′的染色体构型,说明小偃6号和小偃96至少含有两个长穗偃麦草染色体片段。将小偃6号与中国春双端体系列杂交,杂种F_1中1AL、2AS、5AS、6AS和7BS端着丝点染色体配对频率极显著地低于(中国春×小偃6号)F_1的平均染色体臂配对频率(90.1％),从而将小偃6号中的异源片段局限于这5个染色体臂内;同时发现:1AL、2DS、4DS、6AL及3B(t″s+t′L)端体中的端着丝点染色体参与了杂种F_1中多价体的形成,或与此有关,故认为小偃6号与中国春至少有两个相互易位的差异,涉及到染色体1A、2D、3B、4D和6A。文章还对小偃6号异源易位的起源和鉴定等进行了讨论。In this paper, a cytological study was reported on the chromosomal structure changes in a superior variety of Triticum aestivum L., Xiaoyan No. 6. Both Xiaoyan No. 6 and its related varieties were crossed with Chinese Spring (CS), and the data of chromosome pairing of the F1 hybrids showed that great differences existed between the chromosomal structure of Xiaoyan No. 6 and that of CS. In the F1 hybrids between octopkud Agrotrhicum Xiaoyan 693 and wheat varieties Xiaoyan No. 6 and Xiaoyan 96, the chromosome configuration 19'+2'' + 5' was observed, which indicated the presence of at least two Agropyron chromosome segments in each of these two varieties. Among the F1 hybrids of (CS ditelocentrics ×Xiaoyan No. 6) F two things were found. One, the pairing frequencies of telocentric chromosomes 1AL, 2AS, 5AS, 6AS and 7BS were lower than the C value (90.1%) of (CS×Xiaoyan No. 6) F1 significantly at 1% level, which confined the two alien segments within these five chromosome arms. Two, the telocentric chromosomes of 1AL, 2DS, 4DS, 6AL and that of 3B(t'S + t'L) participated in or related too the formation of multivalents in the F1 hybrids. Therefore it could be concluded that there would be at least two reciprocal interchanges present in Xiaoyan No. 6. The chromosomes involved in it were 1A, 2D, 3B, 4D, and 6A. The origin and identification of the alien translocations were also discussed.

关 键 词：小麦 八倍体小偃麦 染色体 

分 类 号：S512.103.2[农业科学—作物学]