中国新生代晚期的剑齿象(剑齿象科,长鼻目)及其扩散事件  

REMARKS ON THE STEGODON FALCONER,1857(STEGODONTIDAE,PROBOSCIDEA) FROM THE LATE CENOZOIC OF CHINA

作　　者：陈冠芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044

出　　处：《古脊椎动物学报》2011年第4期377-392,共16页Vertebrata Palasiatica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(编号:2006CB806400);国家自然科学基金(批准号:41072004)资助

摘　　要：对我国新生代晚期的剑齿象(Stegodon)进行再研究,提出了下列几点看法:1)依据Ste-godon的特征,可将已命名的中国剑齿象种分为3类。一类为有效的剑齿象种,包括晚中新世的S.licenti Teilhard & Trasseart,1937;上新世的S.zdanskyi Hopwood,1935和S.officinalis Hopwood,1935;上新世晚期至更新世早期的S.zhaotongensis Chow & Zhai,1962;更新世的S.chiai Chow & Zhai,1962,S.orientalis Owen,1870,S.sinensis Owen,1870和S.huananensis sp.n.等种。另一类是从剑齿象属中分出,归入到其他属或科的种。属于这一类的有可能置入真象类(Elephantoidae)的Stegodon parahypsilophus He,1984,S.guizhouensis Li & Wen,1986,Stegodon cf.S.hypsilophus和S.primitium Liu et al.,1973以及归入Stegolophodon的Ste-godon baoshanensis Yun,1975。第三类为属种分类位置未定的种,以S.wushanensis Huang et al.,1991为代表。2)南亚更新世的S.elephantoides(Clift),1828可能在我国不存在。3)我国的剑齿象化石相当丰富,发现于东经99°以东、北纬38°以南的广大地区(包括山西、陕西和甘肃以及华中、华南、西南和部分华东等地区),生存时代为晚中新世晚期至更新世。4)在新生代晚期我国的剑齿象可能经历了3次大的由北向南的扩散和迁移事件。第一次发生在晚中新世,第二次在晚中新世晚期至早上新世早期,第三次在更新世早期。5)剑齿象可能起源于亚洲。S.licenti是我国出现时代最早的剑齿象,也可能是剑齿象最原始的一种。Summary The Chinese Stegodon was first recorded by Owen in 1870.He described two species:Stegodon orientalis and S.sinensis based on the three teeth brought in by dealers for medicinal purposes(Osborn,1942).Since then,a great number of materials(mainly including teeth) belonging to Stegodon have been collected from the late Cenozoic of China and about 20 species have been named.They were revised several times by paleontologists(Hopwood,1935;Young,1935,1938;Osborn,1942;Teilhard de Chardin and Leroy,1942;Zhou and Zhang,1974;Zong,1995;Shoshani and Tassy,1996).However,the division of Stegodon in species level is still in a confused state.So far,the following species have been argued in validity and status:(1) Stegodon licenti,S.zhaotongensis and S.officinalis.Are they placed in the genus Stegodon or assigned to Stegolophodon?(2) Stegodon yüshensis,S.huanghoensis,S.chiai and Stegolophodon yangyiensis.Are they synonymous with S.zdanskyi or not?(3) Is Stegodon preorientalis a valid stegodont or not?(4) Is Stegodon sinensis conspecies with S.orientalis or not?(5) How many Stegodon species were present during the Pliocene and Pleistocene of Yunnan Province? ect.The same argument is for its origin,dispersal and immigration.After restudying the Chinese Stegodon,the conclusions are proposed in this paper:(1) According the Stegodon diagnosis,the known Chinese Stegodon species may be divided into three parts.Part 1 is assigned to Stegodon.It may comprise Stegodon licenti,S.zdanskyi,S.chiai,S.zhaotongensis,S.officinalis,S.orientalis,S.sinensis and S.huananensis sp.nov.Part 2 would be moved from Stegodon to other genus or family.It contains Stegodon parahypsilophus He,1984 from the Pleistocene of Sichuan,S.guizhouensis Li & Wen,1986 from the Pleistocene of Guizhou,Stegodon cf.S.hypsilophus from the Pleistocene of Guangxi,S.primitium Liu et al.,1973 and S.baoshanensis Yun,1975 from the Pliocene of Yunnan.The last one may be referred to Stegolophodon.The others may belong to Elephantidae(Elephas or Stegotetrabelodon).Part 3 is re

关 键 词：中国 新近纪晚期-更新世 剑齿象 扩散 迁移 

分 类 号：Q915.878[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]