从“汉籍”到“域外汉籍”  

From "Chinese Classics" to "Overseas Chinese Classics"

作　　者：王勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中国语言文学系,北京100871

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2011年第6期5-11,共7页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(05JJD740187)

摘　　要：在现代文献中,"汉籍"一词出现频率颇高,却罕有辞书收录之。学界均以"汉籍"指称中国典籍,然此义项非中国固有。在中国语境里,扬雄《方言》最早使用"汉籍",尔后从魏晋至隋唐,再经宋元至明清,汉籍即"汉代典籍"之义项传续有千余年。在日本文脉中,"汉籍"相对"国书"而言指中国书籍,相对"和书"则泛指汉文典籍,又相对"佛书"专指儒学经典。现代汉语中的"汉籍"既传承古汉语基因,又吸纳日语词血液,熔铸出一个新词——不仅包括中国传统的经史子集,还涵盖佛经及章疏乃至简帛、碑刻、尺牍、图赞之属。当今方兴未艾的"域外汉籍"研究,论者各自定义、随意取舍,呈现种种乱相。若从"汉籍"乃中华文明结晶推演,"域外汉籍"应定义为凝聚域外人士心智的汉文书籍,是在中华文明浸润下激发的文化创新,构成东亚"和而不同"的独特文明景观。The term ＂Chinese classics＂ appears frequently in modern literature,but few dictionaries have included it as an entry. In the academic world,＇Chinese classics＂ is usually used to refer to classics of China,but this term is not what it has always been in history. In the Chinese context,＂Chinese classics＂ first appeared in Yang Xiong＇s Fangyan. For more than one thousand years after that,from the Wei and Jin dynasties through Sui,Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming to the Qing dynasty, the term meant ＂the classics of Han dynasty＂. In the Japanese context, when used in comparison to ＂Japanese classics＂ ,＂Chinese classics＂ refers to Chinese books; when used in comparison to ＂washo （Japanese books）＂, it refers to classics written in Chinese; and when used in comparison to ＂Buddhist books＂,it refers to Confucian classics. In modern Chinese,＂Chinese classics＂ has inherited its traditional senses from the Chinese language and absorbed new senses from Japanese as well. The coinage ＂Chinese classics＂ not only refers to the traditional history, philosophy and literature of Confucian classics, but also contains Sutra, Buddhist books, books copied on silk, bamboo or wooden slips, inscriptions, and hymn texts written on pictures. Nowadays, in their study on Overseas Chinese classics＂, researchers have come up with their own definitions,some of which are rather casual, resulting in confusion in the understanding of ＂Chinese ~ ft ~ . ,, . 1, classms. If ＂Chinese classics＂ are the crystallization of Chinesecivihzauon, Overseas Chinese classms should be defined as books written in Chinese but published outside China, which reflect the wisdom of overseas Chinese and that of foreigners as well. They are cultural innovations inspired by Chinese civilization, and form a unique East Asian civilization landscape characterized as ＂ harmony without sameness＂.

关 键 词：书籍之路 和制汉语 和而不同 和刻本 “域外汉籍” 

分 类 号：G256.1[文化科学—图书馆学]