论企业参与污染物排放标准制定的法律保障  

Legal Safeguard for Enterprises to Participate in the Formulation of Pollutant Emission Standards

作　　者：张旭[1] 梅凤乔[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境科学与工程学院,北京100871

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2011年第11期194-198,共5页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项课题(200709036)

摘　　要：企业参与污染物排放标准的制定是提高标准实效性的手段,问题在于怎样的法律设置才能保障企业参与的权利同时规制企业的参与行为。文章首先论证得出法律保障企业参与的必要性,即通过立法保障企业的参与符合国内外参与型行政理论;具有提高排放标准的制定效率、减少企业参与负面影响的现实必要性;同时有助于将标准行政主管部门与企业间的利益权衡前置,增强标准制定的针对性和可操作性。文章同时分析了实现企业有效参与对相关立法的应然要求及我国现行法律规制不同程度的缺失;企业参与阶段、征求意见的执行、排放标准制定过程的监督机制等方面存在的问题,并最终提出以完善标准化法及相关管理办法为途径,充分保障企业的参与权利、程序性规制其参与行为、明确各参与主体的法律责任、完善司法救济和配套制度等立法建议。It is effective for the enterprises to participate to set pollutant emission standards.Necessity of relevant legislation for enterprises involvement was demonstrated,supported by administrative theories home and abroad,through increasing effectiveness in the formulation of emission standards and diminishing negative results and also by reaching balance between government and enterprises so that the standards are more feasible and operational.With related legislation in China as focus,what-it-should-be as well as what-it-is were analyzed,and the problems were further identified in the issue about when to participate,how to canvass and what about the supervisor mechanism.It is proposed that participatory rights of enterprises should be safeguarded,their practice be regulated and affiliated judicial review or legal institution should be strengthened.

关 键 词：污染物排放标准制定 企业参与 环境立法 保障 规制 

分 类 号：X197[环境科学与工程—环境科学]