美国政府促进非常规天然气勘探开发的政策与经验  

USA policy and lessons to promote the unconventional natural gas E&P

作　　者：李小地[1] 梁坤[1] 李欣[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石油勘探开发研究院

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2011年第9期15-20,109,共6页International Petroleum Economics

基　　金：国家科技重大专项课题(2008ZX05043-002)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：美国非常规天然气开发已有100多年的历史,但最近30多年是美国非常规天然气快速发展的时期。美国政府在取消价格管制、实行市场化机制的同时,还采取矿权费减免、税收减免、勘探开发技术研究和转让等鼓励非常规天然气勘探开发的政策和措施,并设立了非常规天然气研究项目,对致密气、煤层气和页岩气等非常规天然气资源的评价研究给予资助。这些政策和措施使得美国非常规天然气产量在2009年达到3307.8亿立方米,占当年全国天然气产量的54%;也使联邦和地方政府的税收增加了几十亿美元,使消费者因低气价获益1000亿美元;同时形成了一批非常规资源勘探开发新技术和新理论。美国政府促进非常规天然气开发的政策与经验对中国天然气工业的发展具有十分重要的参考和启示作用。The development of the unconventional natural gas was started more than 100 years ago in the United States,but the last thirty years was the rapid development period of unconventional gas industry.The U.S.government has taken a lot of policies and measures,like elimination of price control,implementation of market-based mechanism,fees waiver for mining rights,tax deduction or exemption,research and transfer on E&P technology to promote unconventional natural gas exploration and development,and furthermore provided financial support for assessment research on the unconventional natural gas,such as tight gas,coal bed methane,shale gas,etc.After implementation of those policies and measures,the output of U.S.unconventional gas in 2009 reached to 330.78 billion cubic meter,accounting for 54%of the total national gas output in the current year;the government benefited several billions of dollars in incremental state and federal tax revenues and the gas consumers benefited more than$100 billion from reduced gas price;in the meanwhile,some new technologies and new theories have been generated on unconventional resources E&P.Those policies and lessons from the U.S.government to promote the development of unconventional gas provide an important reference and enlightenment to the development of the China's gas industry.

关 键 词：非常规天然气 法律 政策 美国 勘探开发 矿权费 税收 

分 类 号：F416.22[经济管理—产业经济]