不同方法提取青蒿挥发油成分分析及抗菌活性比较  

Antimicrobial Activity and GC-MS Analysis of the Volatile Oil of Artemisia annua

作　　者：张丽勇[1] 林秀梅[2] 战月[2] 崔云虹[2] 郭子琦[2] 刘玲绯[2] 侯春妹[2] 

机构地区：[1]白城医学高等专科学校,吉林白城137000 [2]东北师范大学,长春130024

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2011年第22期60-63,共4页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

摘　　要：目的:采用不同方法对青蒿挥发油进行提取,研究提取过程的优化条件,并对所得青蒿挥发油分别进行抗菌活性研究及GC-MS分析,用于指导制药。方法:采用索氏提取法和直接蒸馏法提取青蒿挥发油,分别进行抗菌实验研,采用气相色谱-质谱分析法对两种方法得到的挥发油进行成分分析。结果:索氏提取法提取青蒿挥发油的优化条件是:料液比约为1∶7.8,提取时间为3 h。直接蒸馏法提取青蒿挥发油的优化条件是:料液比为1∶7.4,蒸馏时间为5 h。索氏提取法所得青蒿挥发油为青蒿油-1,直接蒸馏法所得青蒿挥发油为青蒿油-2。青蒿油-1对黑曲霉的最低抑制浓度(MIC)为1.25%,菌刺孢属的最低抑制浓度(MIC)为1.25%,青霉的最低抑制浓度(MIC)为5.0%,马青霉的最低抑制浓度(MIC)为1.25%。青蒿油-2对4种细菌最低抑制浓度分别为北京棒状杆菌:0.023 5%,枯草芽孢杆菌0.023 5%,四联球菌0.005 9%,普通变形杆菌3.75%。进行GC-MS分析,青蒿油-1中分离出55个峰,鉴定出48个化合物,青蒿油-2中分离出48个峰,鉴定出39个化合物。结论:青蒿油-1抗真菌作用好于抗细菌作用,可能与青蒿油-1中酮类、醚类、有机酸类具有较强的抗真菌作用(共占总量的8.25%)有关;烯类是挥发油中重要的抗菌成分,青蒿油-2的抗菌作用好于青蒿油-1,可能与青蒿油-2的烯类含量(烯类65.42%)远远高于青蒿油-1(26.49%)有关。Objective： To obtain the optimum condition for the extract of essential oil from Artemisia annua by different extract methods and analyze the chemical composition of the essential oil by GC-MS and evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the essential oil.Method： The fresh aerial part of A.annua was extracted by Soxhlet extraction and direct distillation to yield two essential oil samples designated as oil-1 and oil-2,respectively,which were both subjected to antimicrobial activity screening and GC-MS analysis.Result： The optimum condition for Soxhlet extraction was at a solid-liquid ratio1：7.8 and extraction time of 3 h,while for direct distillation at a solid-liquid ratio1：7.4 and extraction time of 5 h.Oil-1 displayed inhibitory activity against Aspergillus niger,Mycocentrospora sp.,Penicillium sp.,and Penicillium marneffei with MIC values of 1.25,1.25,5.0,and 1.25 mg·L-1,respectively,while oil-2 showed antibacterial activity toward Corynebacterium pekinense,Bacillus subtilis,tetracoccus,and Proteus vulgaris with MIC values of 0.023 5,0.023 5,0.005 9,3.75 mg·L-1,respectively.According to the results from GC-MS analysis,48 components from 55 peaks in the gas chromatogram of oil-1 and 39 components from 48 peaks in the gas chromatogram of oil-2 were identified.Conclusion： Comparatively,fungi were more sensitive to oil-1 in the antimicrobial test,which may be attributed to the antifungal components comprising 8.25% of the oil-1,including ketones,ethers,and oganic acids.However,oil-2 showed stronger antibacterial activity than oil-1due to the higher content of alkenes in oil-2（65.42%） than that of in oil-1（26.49%）,since alkenes were the major antibacterial components of the essential oil.

关 键 词：青蒿 挥发油 提取方法 抗菌活性 气相色谱-质谱 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]