马铃薯对盐碱土壤的反应和适应性研究  

Physiological Response and Adaptive Capacity of Potato to Saline-alkali Soil

作　　者：柳永强[1,2] 马廷蕊[3,4] 王方[1,2] 杨谋[1,2] 李掌[1,2] 张武[1,2] 高彦萍[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业科学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]农业部会川马铃薯资源重点野外科学观测试验站,甘肃渭源7482011 [3]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070 [4]甘肃省作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《土壤通报》2011年第6期1388-1392,共5页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家现代农业产业体系马铃薯岗位专家项目(Jwzg-6);陇原青年创新人才扶持计划项目(GSYS08-A05);甘肃农业科技创新专项(GSAS0919)资助

摘　　要：实验以渭源黑麻土壤(非盐碱土壤)为对照,研究景泰次生盐碱土壤和古浪戈壁残余盐碱土壤对马铃薯形态特征、水势、渗透调节物质含量和K+/Na+选择性吸收的影响。结果表明:(1)土壤盐碱化使马铃薯植株变小、茎变细、叶片变小,主根生长减慢,毛根数增加,匍匐茎数减少;(2)盐碱土壤中,马铃薯水势下降,脯氨酸和可溶性糖累积,Na+吸收增加,K+吸收减少;(3)戈壁残余盐碱土壤对马铃薯生长和渗透调节功能影响比景泰次生盐碱土壤大,w(Na+)/w(K+)和S Na+K+随土壤盐碱化加重而升高。说明盐碱土壤中,马铃薯通过叶片变小,主根变短,毛根数增加等形态结构变化适应盐碱环境;也通过积累脯氨酸、可溶性糖和大量吸收无机离子,增强自身渗透调节能力,适应盐碱胁迫。With Black-Ma soil（non-saline soil） as control,the experiment studies the effects of Jingtai secondary saline-alkali soil and Gulang Gobi remnant saline-alkali soil on morphological features,water potential,osmotic adjustment matter content and K＋/Na＋ selective absorption of potato.The study identifies that： ① Soil salinization causes potato plants smaller,stems thinner,leaves smaller,main root growth slower,hair-root number increasing and stolons number reducing;② In saline soil,the potato water potential decreases,and proline content and soluble sugar accumulate,and Na＋ absorption increases,and K＋ absorption decreases;③ Gobi remnant saline soil has a greater influence on potato growth and osmotic adjustment function than Jingtai secondary salinization soil,w（Na＋）/w（K＋） and SNa＋K＋ increase with the aggravation of soil salinization.It concludes that the potato adapts to saline-alkali stress by morphology change such as smaller leaves,shorter main-root,hair-root developed in saline soil;the potato＇s adaption to saline-alkali stress was also through the accumulation of proline and soluble sugar,and the absorption of large amount of inorganic ions to strengthen its osmoregulation ability.

关 键 词：马铃薯 盐碱土壤 适应性 渗透调节 K+/Na+选择性吸收 

分 类 号：S311[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S322.6[农业科学—农艺学]