大豆质核互作雄性不育系核不育基因的遗传分析  

Genetic Analysis of Nuclear Male Sterile Genes of Soybean Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Lines

作　　者：许占友[1] 李磊[2] 常汝镇[1] 邱丽娟[1] 汪茂斌 李智[2] 于伟[2] 李向华[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物品种资源研究所,北京100081 [2]安徽省阜阳市农业科学研究所

出　　处：《中国农业科学》1999年第S1期1-8,共8页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

摘　　要：通过对质供体ZD8319,核供体SG01、JX03 和PI004 以及由它们产生的F1、BC1、BC2、BC3、BC4 和BC5 的花粉镜检和田间育性观察表明,质供体与核供体以及核供体之间在育性上存在明显的差异。核供体SG01 和JX03 的遗传方式相似,SG01 与ZD8319 杂交,其F1 自交结实率为0,JX03 与ZD8319 杂交,其F1 代出现高度不育群体,植株很难自交结实,结实率仅为0.86粒/株。核供体PI004 的F1 不育度较低,部分节位上长出不育肉夹,部分节位上结实正常,自交结实率约为15 粒/株。回交各世代的育性表现也不同,SG01 和JX03 的BC1、BC2、BC3、BC4和BC5 的不育度与F1 基本相似,通过回交很难提高其不育率;而PI004 的各回交世代的不育度与F1 相比,花粉不育率得到较大幅度的提高,从68% 到98% 。统计分析结果表明,SG01 和JX03的核不育基因是主基因,分别为完全显性和不完全显性遗传,该组合后代的育性受一对基因控制。而PI004 的核不育基因具有数量性,是微效多基因,不育性受约6 对基因控制。The main objective of this study was to characterize the genetic variability of nuclear male sterile genes in three soybean cytoplasmic male sterile lines. The three soybean male sterile lines were developed by crossing ZD8319 as cytoplasm donor, with each of nuclear donors including SG01, JX03, PI004 , and then backcrossing with SG01, JX03 and PI004 for five times respectively. The percentages of sterile pollen grains of ZD8319, SG01, JX03, PI004 and their different generations F 1, BC 1F 1, BC 2F 1, BC 3F 1, BC 4F 1 and BC 5F 1 were calculated by observation of the pollen grains stained with I 2 KI. The results showed that the genetic characteristics of the nuclear male sterile genes in the three male sterile lines were different. The heredity of the male sterile genes in both male sterile lines from SG01, JX03 were similar. The male sterility rate of the F 1(ZD8319×JX03) was high, but self crossing seed set was low with about 0.86 seeds per plant. With the increasing times of backcross, the male sterility rate of ZD8319×SG01 was gradually increased from 96.1% to 100%, but there was not significant difference among generations. The similar variation was observed in ZD8319×JX03 (from 91.7% to 100%). Relatively, the sterility rate of F 1 (ZD8319×PI004 ) was low, and its self crossing seed set was about 20 seeds per plant. The average male sterility rate was 68% in F 1 and significantly increased up to 92% in BC 1F 1. Then its male sterility reached 100% through four times of backcrossing, while SG01 and JX03 took six times. The above results indicated that the nuclear male sterile genes in SG01 and JX03 were dominant, and the genes in PI004 are multiple quantitative. Based on the formula p=〔(2 r 1)/2 r 〕 n and χ 2 test , the statistic results proved that male sterility of SG01,JX03 was controlled by one nuclear gene, male sterility of PI004 was controlled by about six nuclear quantitative genes.

关 键 词：大豆 不育系 核不育基因 遗传分析 

分 类 号：S565.103[农业科学—作物学]