杨农间作对农田生态环境的改善  

THE POPLAR INTERCROPPING WITH CROPS IMPROVING ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE FARMLAND

作　　者：贾玉彬[1] 袁玉欣[1] 裴保华[1] 王德艺[1] 魏红侠 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学林学院 [2]河北省林业厅

出　　处：《林业科学》1999年第S1期56-67,共12页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

摘　　要：本文根据５ａ（１９９３～１９９７年）人工和自动气象仪器的观测资料，对不同模式杨农间作田中的温、湿、风和蒸发等小气候因子的时空分布及其效应进行了较为详尽的分析。结果表明：杨农间作的防风效能为４５％～８７％，平均５７％；可降低日最高气温０３℃～３４℃，平均降低１３℃；降低地面日最高温度６０℃，最高可达１９５℃；提高日平均绝对湿度０９ｈＰａ～２４ｈＰａ，平均１４ｈＰａ；提高日平均相对湿度１％～１３％，平均５％；减少水分蒸发１７％～３６％，平均２５％；在干热风日可使相对湿度＜３０％的持续时间减少４５ｈ。因此，杨农间作具有明显的防风、降温、增湿和减少蒸发的作用，这对改善田间小气候和农业生态环境，促进农业的高产、稳产具有重要意义。Facing the present situation of a very large population,arid climate and the serious sand blow by the wind in the plain farming district of Hebei Province in China,we began to plant the fast growing and high yield forests of poplar intercropping with the crops in the sandy waste land where there was a serious sand,in the sandy beach,the second class cultivated land and the middle yield and low yield land in the district from the early part of the eighties,which played an important part in developing and making full use of the land and light energy and increasing the green area and improving the agricultural ecological environment and so on in the district. Temporal and space distribution of microclimate elements,such as temperature,humidity,wind and evaporation,and its effects were analyzed in the poplar crop intercropping field with different patterns based on the observation data from 1993 to 1997 by artificial and auto meteorological instrument.The results showed that the efficacy of poplar intercropping with crops to prevent wind was 45%～87%,the average value was 57%.The poplar crop intercropping could decrease daily maximal air temperature from 0.3℃to 3.4℃,with an average of 1.3℃.The daily mean maximal temperature of earth surface could be reduced 6℃ by means of the poplar intercropping with crops,the maximal temperature reduced was 19.5℃.The daily mean absolute humidity was increased 0.9hPa～2.4hPa with an average of 1.4hPa,and the daily mean relative humidity was increased 1%～13%,averaged in 5%.The water evaporation was decreased from 17% to 36%,averaged in 25%.the poplar intercropping with crop could make the continued time of the relative humidity<30% short 4.5h on a dry hot wind day.Therefore, the poplar intercropping with crops has the obvious functions of wind proof,dropping temperature,increasing humidity,and decreasing evaporation,which have significance for improving the field micro climate and ecological environment of agriculture,and promoting high yield and stable yield o

关 键 词：杨农间作 生态环境 气象效应 干旱 风沙 风蚀 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]