中国101个较贫困县农村学龄前儿童营养状况  

The nutritional status of preschool children in 101 relatively poor counties in China

作　　者：李文军[1] 常莹[1] 翟凤英[1] 何宇纳[1] 马冠生[1] 贾凤梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所

出　　处：《卫生研究》1996年第S1期74-82,共9页Journal of Hygiene Research

摘　　要：总结分析了中国政府与联合国儿童基金会的合作项目：儿童营养监测与改善基线调查结果。该基线调查于１９９０年及１９９１年在全国２７个省１０１个较贫困县开展，共调查０～５岁儿童８６３９７名，调查内容包括儿童健康调查，膳食调查，家庭调查。结果表明：中国较贫困地区农村学龄前儿童生长发育较差，体重身高发育均明显低于ＷＨＯ标准。中重度发育迟缓，低体重及消瘦儿童患病率（低于ＷＨＯ标准－２ｓ）分别为３６．１７％，２３．６９％和３．６３％。营养不良患病率随儿童年龄增加而上升，但６～２４个月年龄段增幅最大，说明该年龄段为关键时期。儿童营养不良患病率与儿童在家庭中的排行有正相关关系。一些少数民族儿童的营养不良患病率较高。婴儿４个月内母乳喂养的儿童，其营养不良患病率明显低于混合喂养及人工喂养。儿童贫血率平均为３８．１％，６月～１岁年龄段最高达５０％。儿童膳食品种单一，蛋白质、热能、钙、ＶＢ１、ＶＢ２、ＶＣ等营养素摄入均不足。文章最终提出项目改善儿童营养状况的重点地区、年龄段及主要措施。The paper presented the baseline survey results of the project of Surveillance and Improvement of Children's Nutrition in China. The survey was conducted in 101 relatively poor counties of 27 provinces in 1990 and 1991. Physical and biochemical measurements were made for 86397 children under five years. Dietary and household surveys were performed on a sub-sample of the children. The results showed : The average height and weight of the preschool children in these relatively poor areas were significantly lower than the WHO standard. The prevalence of middle and severe stunting, underweight and wasting were 36.17% , 23. 69% and 3. 63% respectively using the Z score ≤-2 as cut off point.The malnutrition rates increased along with the age increasing. The malnutrition rates had the fastest increase during the age of 6 to 24 months. The result indicates that 6￣24 months are the critical period for the prevention of malnutrition in children. There is a positive relationship between the number of children in the family and the prevalence of malnutrition. The malnutrition rates among the children of some minorities were much higher than the national average. The breast feeding , mixed feeding and bottle feeding rates of children at 4 months were 63.7% , 30.9% and 5. 5% respectively. The prevalence of underweight and stunting in the breast fed children were significantly lower than in mixed fed and bottle fed children. The average rate of anemia was 38. 1% using :HB≤ 110g/ L as the cut off point. The 6 ￣ 12months age groups had the highest rates of anaemia(50%). The diet of children was simpleand the intake of protein, energy, calcium, Vitamin B1,Vitamin B2 and Vitamin C were insufficient. Suggestions are made for the improvement of children's nutrition in these relatively poor areas.

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 营养状况 贫血 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]