银合欢枝叶的饲用价值、毒性和微生物脱毒利用的研究  

STUDY ON THE FEEDING VALUE,TOXICITY, AND MICROBIOLOGICAL DETOXIFICATION OF LEUCAENA LEUCOCEPHALA

作　　者：汪儆[1] 雷祖玉[1] 冯学勤[1] 杨家晃[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院畜牧所 [2]广西畜牧研究所

出　　处：《中国动物营养学报》1993年第2期12-19,共8页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目

摘　　要：本文对热带、亚热带木本豆科饲料银合欢枝叶的饲用价值、毒性和微生物脱毒利用的技术及其效果进行了研究。试验结果表明:银合欢枝叶干物质粗蛋白质含量约为21％,有毒氨基酸含羞草素含量约为3％。含羞草素可在反刍家畜瘤胃内转变为另一毒素3-羟基-4(1氢)吡啶酮(DHP)。我国南方内陆地区反刍家畜瘤胃内不存在可使DHP降解的细菌,故采食银合欢出现中毒反应,并使日增重和饲料报酬下降。将澳大利亚DHP-降解细菌接种到我国内陆地区黄牛瘤胃内,可使黄牛取得对DHP的脱毒能力。作者发现我国广西北海市一小岛——涠洲岛的黄牛和山羊瘤胃内也存在某种DHP-降解细菌,将其接种转移到我国内陆地区乳牛瘤胃内,乳牛成功地取得了对DHP的脱毒能力。用涠洲DHP-降解细菌脱毒银合欢枝叶饲养乳牛取得了良好的饲养效果。The feeding value, toxicity, and microbiological detoxification of Leucaena leucocephala, a kind of tropic and subtropic legume feedstuffs, were studied in this paper. The results showed that there were about 21％ of crude protein and 3％ of toxic amino acid,mimosine in dried Leucaena leucocephala. Mimosine could be changed into another toxin 3-hydroxy-(1H)pyridone(DHP) in the rumen. There were no DHP- degrading bacteria in the tureen of ruminants in the continental area of Southern China. Therefore,there was a toxicity problem and the daily gain and the feed efficiency were decreased when the ruminants were fed with Leucaena leucocsphala there. However, the cattle could obtain ability to detoxify DHP when the Australian DHP-degrading bacteria were inoculated to the rumen of the cattle. The authors discovered that there was also a kind of DHP-degrading bacteria in the rumen of ruminants in Weizhon lsland, a small island near Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, South of China. The dairy heifers of the continent obtained the ability to detoxify DHP successfully when the Weizhou DHP-degrading bacteria were inoculated to their rumens. A good feeding effect was obtained when the inoculated dairy heifers with Weizhou DHP-degrading bacteria were fed with Leucaena Leucocephala.

关 键 词：银合欢 饲用价值 毒性 微生物脱毒 

分 类 号：S8[农业科学—畜牧兽医]