板栗干腐病研究:Ⅰ.树体及果实中真菌区系分析  

Studies of the Dry Rot of chestnut Ⅰ. Analysis to the Fungal-flora on the Twigs and Fruits of Chestnut

作　　者：陈延熙 梅汝鸿[1] 鲁素芸[1] 辛洪起 

机构地区：[1]北京农业大学,北京100094

出　　处：《中国微生态学杂志》1991年第1期69-74,共6页Chinese Journal of Microecology

摘　　要：详细地调查了我国不同产栗区及栗不同生长期中,树体及栗果实的自然带菌情况,分析了板栗各生长期真菌区系的变化及其与栗干腐病发病的关系。结果初步证明,栗树整个生长期中都带菌,只是不同生长期和部位所带微生物的数量和种类有所不同。例如,栗树枝条、芽、栗棚和成熟栗子的带菌情况不是不同的,也即在不同生长期和不同部位,微生物的区系组成有较大差异。其中分离频率较高的真菌有Phoma sp.、Dothiorella sp.、Sphaeropsis sp.、Gloeosporium sp.、Cytospora sp.、Alternaria sp.、Rhizoctonia sp.、Comeothyrium sp.、Phomopsis sp.、Fusarium sp.等。真菌种类最多的时期是花期和栗实贮藏期。调查结果还表明,不同地区真菌区系组成有较大的差异,其中致病和弱致病菌所占比例高低顺序为:西南>长江流域>淮河流域>燕山地区。分布较广的致病菌有Phoma sp.、Dothiorella sp.、Gloeosporium sp.、Rhizoctonia sp.、Alternaria sp.等。从分析栗树微生物区系变化与干腐病发病的关系中看出,某一地区干腐病的轻重,与该地区的常见致病菌的分布与数量比例有关。致病菌数量及种类多,则干腐病重,反之,则轻。The fungal flora on twigs and fruits of chestnut at their different development periods was investigated in some chestnut production areas of China. It has been known that there were many kinds of fungi on chestnut during all its life,but the genuses and its quantity changed in different development periods and organs. The fungi which appeared in a higher frequency were Phoma sp., Dothiorella sp., Sphaeropsis sp., Gloeosporium sp.,Cytospora sp., Alternaria sp., Rhizoctonia sp.,Comeothyriun sp., Phomopsis sp., and Fusarium sp.. Kinds of fungi were the most during the flowering and storage. The studies also revealed that the fungal flora of chestnut was different among different production areas. The sequence from high to low of the ratio of pathogenic and weak-pathogenic fungi in fungal flora was as follows: Southwest of China, Yangtze River Valley, Huaihe River Valley and Yanshan Mountain Area. The parasites which distributed in a larger area were Phoma sp, Dothiorella sp, Gloeosporium sp, Rhizoctonia sp, and Alternaria sp. The relationship between the variation of fungal flora on twigs and fruits at their different develpment periods and the disease incidence was established. It was understood that the disease incidence was higher when these were more pathogenic fungi in natural fungal flora and vice

关 键 词：栗子 干腐病 

分 类 号：Q[生物学] R[医药卫生]