佛山灰霾期挥发性有机物的污染特征  

Characteristics of Volatile Organic Compounds During Haze Episode in Foshan City

作　　者：马永亮[1] 谭吉华[1,2] 贺克斌[1] 程远[1] 杨复沫[1,2] 余永昌 谭赟华 王洁文 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境学院,北京100084 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]佛山市环境保护局,佛山528000

出　　处：《环境科学》2011年第12期3549-3554,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程项目(XMXX280732);国家重点实验室专项基金项目(10K13ESPCT)

摘　　要：2008年12月6～31日在佛山收集大气挥性有机物(VOCs),并进行定量分析.结果表明,灰霾期VOCs浓度较高,其中甲苯(68.93μg·m-3±37.78μg·m-3)最高,非灰霾期异戊烷(20.59μg·m-3±14.28μg·m-3)最高.灰霾期烷烃和炔烃日变化不明显,而烯烃和芳烃在中午有较大幅度降低,非灰霾天气日变化相对稳定.等效丙烯浓度灰霾期远高于非灰霾期,灰霾期等效丙烯浓度从高到低分别为甲苯、丙烯和乙烯,非灰霾期分别为丙烯、乙烯和1-丁烯,灰霾天气芳烃对等效丙烯浓度的贡献有明显增加.灰霾期苯浓度很高,对人体健康有较大的潜在危害.日变化规律和特征比值表明机动车尾气排放是灰霾期大多数VOCs(如异戊烷和乙炔)的主要来源,同时其它来源如溶剂挥发对VOCs苯和甲苯的贡献不容忽视.Volatile Organic Compounds（VOCs） in Foshan City were investigated in December 6 to 30 2008.The concentrations of VOCs in haze days were significantly higher than those in no-haze days.Toluene（68.93 μg·m-3±37.78 μg·m-3） was the most abundant compound of VOCs in haze days and i-pentane（20.59 μg·m-3±14.28 μg·m-3） was the most abundant compound in no-haze days,respectively.During haze episodes,the diurnal variations of alkanes and alkynes were not significantly;however,alkenes and aromatic hydrocarbon decreased significantly at noon.During no-haze episodes,the diurnal variations patterns of VOCs were stable.Propylene-equivalent concentrations in haze days were significantly higher than those in no-haze days,toluene was the most abundant compound of Propylene-equivalent concentration in haze days,followed by propene and ethene;propene was the most abundant compound in no-haze days,followed by ethene and 1-butene.High concentration of benzene（18.1 μg·m-3） in haze days posed a great health threat to public in Foshan city.Both diurnal variation of VOCs and measured ratios indicated vehicular emissions acted as the main sources of most VOCs and other sources like solvent application also contributed to VOCs（benzene and toluene）.

关 键 词：挥发性有机物 污染特征 灰霾 来源 佛山 

分 类 号：X511[环境科学与工程—环境工程]