独生与非独生子女初中生的心理特征及家庭精神环境比较  

Comparison of Middle School Students' Psychological Characteristics and Family Spiritual Atmosphere between Only-child and Non-only-child

作　　者：刘苓[1] 陈蕴[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国．安徽省芜湖市第二人民医院儿童保健科,241000

出　　处：《中国健康心理学杂志》2011年第11期1355-1357,共3页China Journal of Health Psychology

基　　金：安徽省芜湖市科研开发计划项目(2000169-79)

摘　　要：目的探讨独生子女与非独生子女初中生的个性、心理健康状况及家庭精神环境特征。方法采用分层随机整群抽样法,应用儿童艾森克人格问卷和中学生心理健康检测量表家庭环境量表测查芜湖地区初中生1918人,其中独生子女1304例,非独生子女614例。结果独生子女内外向因子分高于非独生子女(t=4.998,P<0.01);独生子女的强迫症状、偏执、人际关系紧张、抑郁、焦虑、适应不良、心理不平衡因子分均低于非独生子女(t=-4.073,-3.527,-3.841,-5.030,-2.089,-3.185,-2.024;P<0.01或P<0.05);独生子女家庭的亲密度、情感表达、独立性、成功性、知识性、娱乐性、组织性、控制性因子分均高于非独生子女家庭(t=3.839,7.137,4.714,5.384,4.225,4.311,4.226,2.667;P<0.01),差异有显著性。结论独生子女初中生个性及心理健康状况优于非独生子女,其家庭精神环境优于非独生子女。Objective To explore the personalities,psychological health status,and characteristics of family spiritual atmosphere of middle school students including only-children and non-only-children.Methods With stratified cluster sampling method,1918 middle school students including 1304 only-children and 614 non-only-children in Wuhu district were investigated by finishing Eysenck Personality Questionnaire（EPQ） for children,Psychological Health Scale for middle school students,and Family Environment Scale.Results The extroversion factor value of only-child was higher than that of non-only-child（t=4.998,P0.01）;the factor values of only-child＇s compulsion,crankiness,interpersonal relation tension,depression,anxiety,maladjustment,and psychological imbalance were lower than those of non-only child（t=-4.073,-3.527,-3.841,-5.030,-2.089,-3.185,-2.024;P0.01 or P0.05）;while the factor values of cohesion,expressiveness,independence,achievement,intellectual-cultural orientation,recreation,organization,and control of only-child families were all higher than those of non-only-child families（t=3.839,7.137,4.714,5.384,4.225,4.311,4.226,2.667;P0.01）.Conclusion The personalities,the psychological health status,and the spiritual atmosphere of only-child middle high school students are better than those of non-only child families.

关 键 词：心理健康 独生子女 个性 家庭精神环境 

分 类 号：R748[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]