三峡库区紫色土坡耕地典型种植模式氮收支  

Input-output budget of nitrogen under typical planting pattern in a purple soil sloping ploughland in the Three Gorges areas

作　　者：刘京[1] 郭劲松[1] 方芳[1] 陈猷鹏[1] 李哲[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆大学城市建设与环境工程学院三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400045

出　　处：《深圳大学学报（理工版）》2011年第6期541-547,共7页Journal of Shenzhen University(Science and Engineering)

基　　金：国家水体污染与治理科技重大专项基金资助项目(2009ZX07104-003;2009ZX07104-005)~~

摘　　要：调查分析三峡库区典型紫色土坡耕地小流域的氮收支情况,对氮流失风险进行评价.结果表明,旱地单位面积肥料氮输入量1 372.12 kg/(hm2.年),损失量504.29 kg/(hm2.年),盈余量724.94kg/(hm2.年),盈余率49.55%;果林单位面积肥料氮输入量565.56 kg/(hm2.年),损失量182.96kg/(hm2.年),盈余量405.42 kg/(hm2.年),盈余率64.77%;水田单位面积肥料氮输入量234.71kg/(hm2.年),损失量159.86 kg/(hm2.年),盈余量47.78 kg/(hm2.年),盈余率15.40%.紫色土坡耕地的旱地和果林呈现氮流失风险,过量施肥和肥料配比不合理是造成旱地和果林氮流失风险的主要原因.To characterize the input-output budget of nitrogen under typical planting pattern and to conduct the risk assessment of nitrogen loss in a purple soil sloping ploughland in the Three Gorges areas,the nitrogen budget under different planting pattern in this watershed was analyzed based on the data of 2009.Results show that the fertilizer N input,the N loss and the N surplus in dry-land are 1 372.12 kg/（hm2·a）,504.29 kg/（hm2·a） and 724.94 kg/（hm2·a）,respectively,and the surplus rate is 49.55%.The fertilizer N input,the N loss and the N surplus in orchards are 565.56 kg/（hm2·a）,182.96 kg/（hm2·a） and 405.42 kg/（hm2·a）,respectively,and the surplus rate in orchards is 64.77 %.In paddy fields,the fertilizer N input,the N loss and the N surplus are 234.71 kg/（hm2·a）,159.86 kg/（hm2·a） and 47.78 kg/（hm2·a）,respectively,and the surplus rate is only 15.40 %.High environmental risk appeared in dry land and orchards.Excessive N fertilization and unreasonable fertilizer ratio resulted in the high risk of nitrogen loss in dry land and orchards.

关 键 词：环境污染化学 三峡库区 紫色土 氮收支 种植模式 污染潜势 高强度开发 非点源污染 氮污染防治 

分 类 号：X131.2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]