后吐蕃时代藏语文在西域河西西夏的行用与影响  

Sociolinguistic Implications of the Use of Tibetan Language in East Turkestan from the End of Tibetan Occupation through the Tangut Period(9th-12th c.)

作　　者：武内绍人 杨富学[2] 

机构地区：[1]外国语大学 [2]敦煌研究院,甘肃兰州730030

出　　处：《敦煌研究》2011年第5期106-114,共9页Dunhuang Research

摘　　要：吐蕃帝国于9世纪中叶结束了对河西及西域的统治之后,藏语文在这些地区继续使用,敦煌出土文献中,属于后吐蕃时代的藏语文献多达57件,时代均在10世纪末或11世纪初。既有沙州归义军政权与于阗、甘州回鹘间的通信,也有沙州与和周边地区相联系的书札,更有当地人所写的佛教典籍。藏语之所以在河西及西域长期流行,与吐蕃对这里有过数十年的统治密不可分,也与当地固有的多语言环境密切相关,自8世纪中叶始,藏语便逐渐成为当地居民母语之外的一种共用语,况且藏文字母较易掌握。这些因素促进了藏语文的广泛流行。影响所及,在西夏国境内,古藏文也得以流行,有关文献在黑水城和绿城也有发现。西藏本土缺乏9世纪中叶以后至12世纪以前的藏文文献,这些写本与印本的发现,正好有填补空白之价值,弥足珍贵。Tibetan Language and Texts continued to be used in the Hexi and Western Regions after the end of the Tibetan occupation. There were as many as 57 pieces of Tibetan manuscripts among the Dunhuang documents, all dating from the end of the 10th century or the beginning of the 11th century,the post-Tibetan period. These manuscripts include not only correspondence between the Guiyijun （Return-to-Allegiance Army） regime and the Uighur powers in Khotan and Ganzhou, but also Buddhist texts written by local people. The enduring popularity of the Tibetan Language in these regions was attributed to the Tibetan haler during the past decades as well as to the local multi-language environment. Ever since the middle of the 8th century, the Tibetan Language had gradually been a common language in addition to the native one. Moreover, the Tibetan language was easy to learn. All these promoted the extensive popularity of the Tibetan language. As a result, ancient Tibetan language was also popular in the Western Xia kingdom, as verified by relevant documents discovered from Khara Khoto and Etsin-gol. Discoveries of these valuable manuscripts and printed documents fill a void in the Tibetan documents because Tibetan documents dating from the middle of the 9th century to the 12th century are very scarce in Tibet.

关 键 词：后吐蕃时代 藏语文 西域 敦煌 西夏 于阗 甘州回鹘 

分 类 号：K874[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] H214[历史地理—历史学]