斯皮尔曼:从智力二因素论的创立到方法论上的突破  

Spearman: From the Establishment of Two-factor Theory of Intelligence to Breakthroughs in Methodology

作　　者：王亚南[1] 刘昌[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京邮电大学教育科学与技术学院 [2]南京师范大学教育科学学院

出　　处：《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2011年第6期95-101,共7页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：江苏省社科基金项目(09JYD016);江苏省高校社科基金项目(2011SJB190006);江苏省研究生培养创新工程项目(55024001)

摘　　要：查尔斯·爱德华·斯皮尔曼是20世纪一位伟大的英国心理学家、心理学界大器晚成的一代宗主。斯皮尔曼对心理学的杰出贡献可以概括为三方面:创立智力"二因素论",对确定一般智力的概念和使智力测验合法化的发展提供了理论基础。智力"二因素论"的提出,促进了学术界对智力的进一步研究。其二,他出版了《智力的性质和认知的原理》一书,开创了认知心理学的先河。第三是方法论上的重大成就,对心理统计的发展作了许多开创性的工作,斯皮尔曼发明四元组方程,用因素分析方法建立了心理科学的数学模型,发明了等级相关系数的计算方法,以及相关系数衰减效应的校正,使心理学研究更加科学化,对统计学和其它一些科学领域也产生了巨大的影响。Charles Edward Spearman, a great British psychologist in the 20th century, is a master of psychology who did not achieve his success until his late life. Spearman＇s outstanding contributions to psychology can be summed up as the following three aspects. Firstly, his creation of ＂two factor theory of intelligence＂ provided a theoretical basis for establishing the concept of general intelligence and standardizing intelligence tests and promoted further studies on intelligence. Secondly, his publication of the book The Nature of Intelligence and Cognitive Principles blazed a trail for cognitive psychology. Thirdly, his significant achievement in methodology contributed tremendously to the development of psychological statistics. In addition, he invented tetrad equation, and adopted factor analysis to establish the mathematical model of psychological science. He also invented the calculation method of rank correlation coefficient and attenuation effects of correction coefficients, making psychological research more scientific and having great impact on statistics and other scientific fields.

关 键 词：二因素论 等级相关 方法论 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]