先秦诸子与古希腊哲学家名实观的差异及其影响  

Views on Relationship between Word and World: Differences between Pre-qin Chinese Thinkers and Ancient Greek Philosophers and Their Consequences

作　　者：刘冠才[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学文学院

出　　处：《南京师大学报（社会科学版）》2011年第6期110-117,共8页Journal of Nanjing Normal University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：先秦诸子和古希腊哲学家都对名实关系进行过深入讨论,二者虽然有许多相通之处,但也存在很大的差异。古希腊哲学家主要关注名实关系是本质的还是规定的问题,而先秦诸子则主要关注正名的重要性和名实结合的原则问题。比较而言,从对名实关系看法的角度来审视,先秦诸子比古希腊哲学家要深刻得多;但从对后世语法学、词源学影响来看,古希腊哲学家的争论对后世影响更大,而先秦诸子对名实关系的讨论对后世则未能产生太大影响。The thinkers in the Pre-qin period and the philosophers in ancient Greece both examined the relationship between the word and the world; their thoughts on the issue are different, though some similarities between them can also be found. The ancient Greek philosophers focused on whether the relationship between the word and the world is naturally motivated or simply conventional, whereas their Chinese counterparts concentrated on the importance of whether a name can match the entity it refers to and how to make good pairings between the word and the world. The Pre-qin thinkers, in a measure, gave a more profound thinking to the issue in question. But in terms of the consequences on the development of grammar and etymology, the thoughts of ancient Greek philosophers are much more influential than those of the Pre-qin Chinese thinkers.

关 键 词：名实关系 本质论 规定论 变则论 类比论 

分 类 号：B502[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B21