从企业/社区服务到国家公共服务体系:学前教育的政府责任  

From the Enterprise/Community Service to the National Public Service System:Government Responsibility for Preschool Education

作　　者：屈智勇[1] 何欢[1] 张秀兰[1] 王晓华[1] 刘芳南[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学社会发展与公共政策学院,北京100875

出　　处：《北京师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2011年第6期106-113,共8页Journal of Beijing Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：教育部教育改革和发展战略与政策研究重大课题"学前教育发展研究"

摘　　要：改革开放以来,中国学前教育政策和管理体制经历了从企业/社区福利服务为主到社会化服务为主的体系转变。这种转变是导致学前教育服务不足的根源,致使中国学前教育当前出现了很多问题,如学前教育供给不足,地区差异大,服务质量不高,弱势群体入园难等,无法满足日益增长的社会需求和期望,使得"入园难"逐渐成为突出的社会问题。根据学前教育服务的现状,要实现《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》所设定的相关目标,应在认可学前服务有正外部效应的基础上,顺应中国公共服务发展的规律,建立政府责任明确的国家学前教育公共服务体系。政府要在财政政策上加大对农村学前教育的投入、充分考虑到东、中、西部的差异,帮助弱势家庭,为贫困儿童、流动儿童提供学前教育补贴。同时,优先保证中西部农村学前教育师资队伍,利用多种资源发展农村幼儿教育,逐步完善学前教育监管体系。Since the initiation of the ＂reform and opening-up policy＂, China^s preschool education policy and administration system have experienced a dramatic change from the enterprise/community- based service system to the current social-oriented service system. This change has led to shortage of presehool services and hence resulted in numerous problems of the pre-school education in China, such as insufficient supplies, low quality of services, and low coverage rate among vulnerable groups. It fails to meet the soaring social demands and expectations for preschool education, which has then become a social issue. This paper analyzes the status of preschool education services, and reveals that establishing a national public preschool service system, to be based on the wide recognition of its positive external effects and the government responsibility, is essential to the achievement of the related goals set up by the National Middle/Long-Term Education Reform and Development Plan （2010--2020）, and is also consistent with the evolution pattern of the Chinese public service system. Furthermore, this paper provides policy recommendations on government input and action priorities, and makes statistical predictions on pre- school service coverage trend, and discusses the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed government interventions.

关 键 词：学前教育 公共服务 政府责任 发展趋势预测 

分 类 号：G521[文化科学—教育学]