高温岩体地热钻井施工关键技术研究  

KEY TECHNOLOGIES OF HOT DRY ROCK DRILLING DURING CONSTRUCTION

作　　者：郤保平[1,2] 赵金昌 赵阳升[1] 朱合华[2] 武晋文[1] 

机构地区：[1]太原理工大学矿业工程学院,山西太原030024 [2]同济大学地下建筑与工程系,上海200092

出　　处：《岩石力学与工程学报》2011年第11期2234-2243,共10页Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(50534030);山西省青年基金项目(2011021023–2);山西省高校科技开发项目(20111004)

摘　　要：高温岩体地热开发中首先需要解决的问题是深钻施工。根据中国高温岩体地热资源赋存的地质特征,在试验研究、理论分析和数值模拟的基础上,提出高温岩体地热钻井施工中三大关键技术问题:钻井围岩稳定性控制技术、高温高压破岩技术、高温高压钻井液技术。进而从高温岩体地热开采中钻井围岩失稳的主要因素、热力耦合作用下钻井围岩流变特性、高温高压下钻井围岩变形破坏规律与失稳临界条件,提出高温岩体地热深钻施工中钻井围岩稳定性控制技术。通过对高温高压下花岗岩中冲击破岩、切削破岩、冲击–切削复合破岩的试验研究及不同温度下3种破岩方式的比较,获得高温高压下3种破岩方式的破岩规律。最后从高温对钻井液的影响、地热钻井对高温处理剂的一般要求、钻井液的性能对井壁稳定的影响及应对措施,提出解决高温岩体地热深钻施工的钻井液技术要求。高温高压下深钻施工关键技术的研究,对于人类探索地球、开发地球深部的能源与资源具有重要的科学与工程意义。In the process of hot dry rock（HDR） geothermal energy development, the first issue to be resolved is deep drilling. According to the geological characteristics of HDR geothermal resources in China, the three key issues during HDR geothermal drilling construction are proposed based on the experimental research, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. They are drilling surrounding rock stability control technology, rock breaking technology under high temperature and high pressure and drilling fluid technology under high temperature and high pressure. And then, from the main factors of surrounding rock instability in exploitation of HDR geothermal energy, theological properties of drilling surrounding rock under thermo-mechanical coupling, drilling surrounding rock deformation failure law and the critical failure condition under high temperature and high pressure, the drilling surrounding rock stability control technology during the HDR geothermal deep drilling is proposed. Through the experimental research on rock breaking in granite with three methods which are impact grinding rock breaking, cutting rock breaking, impact-cutting compound breaking rock under high temperature and high pressure and the comparison of the three rock breaking methods under different temperatures, the rockbreaking laws of the three methods are obtained under high temperature and high pressure. Finally, from the effect of high temperature on drilling fluid, the general requirement of high temperature treatment for geothermal drilling and the effect of the performance of drilling fluid on wall stability and its countermeasures, the drilling fluid technology requirements of HDR deep drilling are solved. The research on deep drilling technology under high pressure and temperature has important scientific and engineering significance to the human exploration of Earth and the development of deep earth energy and resources.

关 键 词：岩石力学 高温岩体地热 高温高压 钻井工程 钻井围岩 稳定性控制 破岩 钻井液 

分 类 号：TU45[建筑科学—岩土工程]