英汉非原型被动句的句法语义特征探析  

An Analysis of Syntactic and Semantic Features of Non-Prototype Passive Sentences in English and Chinese

作　　者：刘芬[1,2] 白解红[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学外国语学院,湖南长沙410081 [2]邵阳学院外语系,湖南邵阳422002

出　　处：《外国语》2011年第6期26-31,共6页Journal of Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家社科基金项目(07BYY007);湖南省社科基金项目(09YBB359);湖南省"中外文化传播基地"开放基金项目(08jdzb09)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：语言学界对英汉原型和非原型被动句分别有过比较充分的描述,但是,对被动句的演变过程及非原型被动句的句法语义特征的研究还未得到应有的重视。本文将英汉非原型和原型被动句纳入一个统一的认知框架中,从非范畴化的视角,揭示英汉非原型被动句的非范畴化成分和类型,探讨其句法语义特征及认知理据。研究表明:非原型被动句对原型被动句的偏离主要表现为主语和谓语动词的非范畴化及信息焦点的转移;这种句法结构和语义的偏离是由人类对事件或现象的不同识解及对同一语义内容的不同凸显所引起的。While the prototype and non-prototype passive sentences in English and Chinese have been broadly discussed in the linguistic field,not enough attention has been paid to the evolvement of the passive sentences,or the syntactic and semantic features of its non-prototype.From the perspective of decategorization,this paper,bringing the non-prototype and prototype passive sentences into a unified cognitive frame,explores the elements and types of decategorization in the non-prototype,presenting their syntactic and semantic features and cognitive motivation.Our research shows that the non-prototype passive deviation from the prototype is characterized by the decategorization of the subject and the predicate verb and the transfer of the information focus,motivated by diverse construal of the event or phenomenon and different salience for the identical semantic content.

关 键 词：英汉非原型被动句 非范畴化 非范畴化的成分和类型 句法语义特征 认知理据 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语] H314